Unit 3 Drug list

Class: Inhibitor of Metabolism (Sulfa-Drugs)
MOA: Blocks the synthesis of folic acid, an essential nutrient in bacterial growth. As a result, growth and replication are arrested (bacteriostatic effect).
Side effects: Skin rashes, nausea & vomiting, HIV patients show fever & diarrhea
Therapeutic use: ear infections, urinary tract infections. Bacterial infections
Special Note: Used in combination with Trimethoprim(Trimpex) to make Co-Trimoxazole

Class: Inhibitor of Metabolism (Sulfa-Drugs)
MOA: Blocks the conversion of folic acid to its active form (THFA), thereby arresting bacterial growth and replication (bacteriostatic effect)
Side effects: Skin rashes, nausea & vomiting, HIV patients show fever & diarrhea
Therapeutic use: ear infections, urinary tract infections. Bacterial infections
Special Note: Used in combination with Sulfamethoxazole(Gantanol) to make Co-Trimoxazole

Class: Inhibitor of Metabolism (Sulfa Drugs)
MOA: Blocks the conversion and synthesis of folic acid to achieve a bacteriostatic effect
Therapeutic uses: ear infections, urinary tract infections, caused by bacteria
Special note: this is a combo of sulfamethoxazole and trimoxazole used for a greater antimicrobial effect

Class:B-Lactam (Penicillin)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cel gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial for gram positive staphylococcal infection//Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections
Special: small narrow spectrum (Genration 1)
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

lass:B-Lactam (Penicillin)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial-Special: small narrow spectrum (Genration 1)/Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections//Ear, nose, throat, respiratory infections
Special Note:In the past was most effective penicillin against staphylococcal infections, but a strain of staph aureus evolved and became resistant to methicillin
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

Class: B-Lactam(Penicillin)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial-Special: small narrow spectrum (Genration 2)/Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections//great for Ear
Special Note: Extended spectrum effective against gram(-) bacilli, but not penicillinases. Typically used in combo with b-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid (augmentin), which protects the drug from penicillinases. The Pawns of a chess game effect
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

Class: B-Lactam(Cephalosporins)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial for gram positive staphylococcal infection//Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections
Special Note: First gene with similar spectrum as Pen G with resistance to penicillinase (gram+)
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

Class: B-Lactam(Cephalosporins)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial for gram positive staphylococcal infection//Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections
Special Note: Second Geration-greater activity against gram(-), specifically H. Influenzae, Enterobactor aerogenes, and Neisseria
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

Class: B-Lactam(Cephalosporins)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall SynthesisMOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial for gram positive staphylococcal infection//Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections
Special Note: Third Generation-enhanced activity against gram(-) bacili, but less activity against gram(+)
Side effects: Nausea, rashes, diarrhea, allergies

Class: B-Lactam(Cephalosporins)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Antibacterial for gram positive staphylococcal infection//Ear,nose,throat, respiratory infections
Special Note: Broadest spectrum B-lactam antibiotic currently available. Active against penicillinase- producing gram(-) & gram(+) organisms, anaerobes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa

Class: B-Lactam(Cephalosporins)/Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis
MOA: Generally interferes with synthesis of the bacterial cell wall which subsequently cannot maintain the necessary osmotic concentration with the surrounding body fluids. The cell gains water, swells, and bursts (lysis). Bactericidal effect on susceptible bacteria. The shingled roof effect.
Therapeutic Use: Use is restricted to treating resistant staphlococcal infections, pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, and endocarditis
Special Note: Side effects can be a serious problem( must monitor peaks and troughs) MRSA

Class: Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis/Tetracycline
MOA: Target the bacterial ribosome at either the 30S subunit(Tetracyclines) blocking tRNA from binding to the mRNA-ribosome complex, and thereby inhibiting protein synthesis
Therapeutic use: Broad spectrum antibiotics; Bacteriostatic
Side Effects: Gastric discomfort, Bone deposition, phototoxicity, Superinfections

Class: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis/Aminoglycosides
MOA: Target the bacterial ribosome at either the 30s & 50s subunits, blocking the tRNA from binding to the mRNA-ribosome complex, and thereby inhibiting protein synthesis
Therapeutic uses: effective only against aerobic organisms, bacteriocidal
Side effects: (must monitor "Peak and trough". Ototocixicity & Nephrotoxicity

Class: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis/Macrolides
MOA: Target the bacterial ribosome at either the 50s subunits, blocking the tRNA from binding to the mRNA-ribosome complex, and thereby inhibiting protein synthesisTherapeutic uses: effective only against aerobic organisms, bacteriocidal
Special Note: Similar spectrum of Pen G, plus chlamydia, therfore they are used in patients allergic to penicillins. Also resisitance is becoming a serious problem.
Side effects: Epigastric distress, ototoxicity, drug interactions are plentiful

Class: Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Function. Fluoroquinolones
MOA: Inhibit replication of bacterial nucleic acids by interfering the the action of DNA gyrase
Therapeutic uses: Urinary& respiratory tract infections
Side Effects: CNS Problems(Dizziness, lightheadedness), Phototoxicity
Special Note: Contraindicated in children under 18 due to cartilage erosion reported inbanimal studies

Class: Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Function
MOA: Various & unknown; block transcription by interacting with bacterial DNA and inhibiting RNA synthesis. Bacteriocidal for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Therapeutic Use: Treatment of tuberculosisi to minimize resistance
Side Effects: N/V/D, Hepatotoxicity
Neuropathy
Special Note: Typically used in multiple drug combinations for long periods of time (6-9) months

Class: Antifungal for Disease producing superficial Mycoses
MOA: interfere with th synthesis of ergosterol, the essential component for the fungal cell membrane, leading to a suppression of further growth (fungistatic)
Therapeutic Use: superficial dermatophytes infections of skin and hair(eg tina pedis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis)
Side effects: Infusion related Toxicity(Fever, chills, N/V/H, hypotension) , Renal related toxicity,
Special Note: Toxicity restricts group for topical application only

Class: Antifungal for Diseas producing superficial Mycoses
MOA: binds to ergosterol on fungal membrane producing a change in the cell's permeability, which leads to leakage of nutrients and ions, and ultimately cell death
Therapeutic Use: Useful superficial Candida Albicans infections (candidiasis of the oral cavitiy) available as liquid for swish and swallow
Side effects: Infusion related Toxicity(Fever, chills, N/V/H, hypotension) , Renal related toxicity,
Special Note: Too toxic for systemic use

Class: Antifungal for Disease-Producing Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycoses
MOA: Interfere with the synthesis of ergosterol, the essential component for the fungal cell membrane, leading to a suppression of further growth (fungistatic)
Therapeutic Use: mucocutaneous (candidiasis) and systemic (life-threatening) infections (candidiemia, cryptococcus neoformans)
Side effects: Infusion related Toxicity(Fever, chills, N/V/H, hypotension) , Renal related toxicity,
Special note: oral Azole with greater TI vs topical Azoles

Class: Antifungal for Disease-Producing Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycoses
MOA: binds to ergosterol on fungal membrane producing a change in the cell's permeability, which leads to leakage of nutrients and ions, and ultimately cell death
Therapeutic Use: Drug of Choice for all types of life threatening systemic infections(candidemia, blastomycoses, histoplamosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis)
Side effects: Infusion related Toxicity(Fever, chills, N/V/H, hypotension) , Renal related toxicity,
Special Note: Broad spectrum antifungal

Class: Antiprotozoal & Antihelminths
MOA: interferes with unique essential enzyme found only in the protozoa (Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas vaginalis)
Therapeutic use: Extensive us in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic cocci and anaerobic gram (-) bacilli(bacteroides) and anaerobic gram(+) bacilli (clostridia)
Side Effects: metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, yeast infection of the mouth
Special Note: If taken with alcohol, a disulfiram-like effect occurs

Class:Antiprotozoal & Antihelminths
MOA: Unknown
Therapeutic USE: treatment of Malaria, but reserved for the treatment of resistant malarial strains of Plasmodium
Side effect: cinchonism syndrome (nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and vertigo)

Class:Antiprotozoal & Antihelminths
MOA: probably acts by binding to and interfering with the synthesis of the parasite's microtuble and also by decreasing glucose uptake. Affected parasite's are expelled with the feces
Therapeutic Use: DOC for whipworm(Trichuris), pinworm(Enterbius)hookworm(Necator americanus, roundworm(Ascariasis)
Side effects: Mild N/V/D

Class: Antiviral Drugs For Influenza Agent
MOA: unknown, probably interferes with the viral fusion between viral membrane and cell membrane and/or inhibits uncoating process of the viral RNA
Therapeutic Use: treatment of the flu and parkinsons
Side effects incude CNS disturbances(dizzines, ataxia, seizures)

Class:Antiprotozoal & Antihelminths
MOA: inhibit a viral glycoportein essential for replication and release processes
Therapeutic Use: active against influenza A & B
Side effects

Class: Antiherpes Simplex Agent
MOA nucleoside analog tha tincorporates into the viral DNA and impair viral protein synthesis, resulting in the newly fromed viruses unable to function properly
Therapeutic Use: treatment of Herpesviruses(HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster)

Class: Antiretroviral Drugs/nuleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
MOA: inhibit the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase
Therapeutic Use: HIV
Side effects: toxic to bone marrow, headaches

Class: Antiretroviral Drugs/non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
MOA: directly inhibit HIV revers transcriptase
Therapeutic USE: HIV
Side effects: rash, fever, Stevens-Jonson syndrome

Class: Antiretroviral drugs/ Protease Inhibitors
MOA: inhibit the viral protease enzyme that cleaves the viral proteins needed to bud from the cell
Therapeutic Use: HIV
Side effects: diarrhea, nausea, elevation in liver enzymes, lipodystrophy(including elevated tryglyceride and cholesterol levels, hyperglycemia

Class: Anti-hepatitis Drugs
MOA: Endogenous protein that works via complex series of events following attachement to cell infected with HBV or HCV

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: decreases lymphocyte formation and movement
therapeutic use: leukemia/lymphoma/Testicular cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: microtubule inhibitor-blocks mitosis in metaphase(cell cycle specific)
therapeutic use: leukemia/lymphoma
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: antimetabolite-inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which ultimately deprives the cell of folate coenzyme and leads to decrease purines
Therapeutic use: leukemia
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: antimetabolite-inhibits several enzymes in the purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway
therapeutic use: leukemia
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogeni

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: alkylating agent-reacts directly with DNA(cross-links), altering its structure or function, and ultimately leading to cell death
therapeutic use: Lymphomas
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: antibiotic-severs DNA, disrupting DNA funciton
therapeutic use: Lymphomas
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic
Special note: Highly cardiotoxic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: renders microtubules nonfunctional
therapeutic use: Breast cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: estrogen inhibitor, causing tumor regression in hormone dependent tumors
therapeutic use: Breast cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: Plant alkaloid-blocks topisomerase I (related to DNA gyrase) resulting in DNA damage
therapeutic use: GI cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: antimetabolite-deprives the cell of essential precursers for DNA synthesis
therapeutic use: GI cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: rescue therapy(rescues bone marrow)
therapeutic use: GI cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: similar to alkylating agents
therapeutic use: Lung cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: plant alkaloid-blocks topoisomerase I, disrupting DNA function
therapeutic use: Testicular cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: antibiotic-severs DNA, disrupting DNA function, blocking cell divison
Therapeutic Use: Testicular cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic

Class: Chemotherapy/Cancer Drugs
MOA: Highly lipid soluble akylating agents, therefore they will cross the blood brain barrier
Therapeutic Use: Testicular cancer
Side effects: Severe vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, teratogenic