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Explain transcription:
- The process by which RNA polymerase uses a DNA template to produce mRNA
Define operon:
- Two or more genes in a bacterial chromosome that are transcribed into one mRNA molecule.
- Eukaryotic cells do not have operons
Describe translation:
- The process of rRNA's translating the mRNA codons into proteins by polymerizing the correct amino acids in the correct order
Function of RNA polymerase:
- Used to produce the RNA copy of each gene
Function of mRNA:
- Template for the coded genetic information in DNA to be translated into protein
Function of ribosome:
- Enzymes that carry out the process of translation
Function of codon:
- Nucleotide triplet that codes for a specific amino acid
Transcription:
- The process by which RNA polymerase uses a DNA template to produce mRNA
Operon:
- Two or more genes in a bacterial chromosome that are transcribed into one mRNA molecule
- Eukaryotic cells do not have operons
Translation:
- The process of rRNA's translating the mRNA codons into proteins by polymerizing the correct amino acids in the correct order
Polymerization:
- A chem reaction where two or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units of origional molecule
- Reduplication of parts of an organism
- Bonding of two or more monomers to form polymer
What is coupled transcription and translation:
- Simultaneous synthesis of RNA and protein that occurs in the cytoplasm of prokeryotes
What does a triplet of bases encode:
- each triplet codon in mRNA codes for one amino acid
Prokeryote:
- Kingdom monera (most primative/ancient known forms of life)
- Any cellular organism that has no nucleus, no organelles in the cytoplasm except ribosomes
- Reproduce asexually and include bacteria and blue-green algae
anticodon:
- the transfer RNA binding side for the codon
cistrons:
- Individual genes in an operon
Coupling:
- The series of enzymes needed to complete a task and produce an end product, such as an amino acid
Metabolic pathway:
- The series of enzymes needed to complete a task and produce an end product, such as an amino acid
Pathway:
- A set of genes used for a complete task
Polysomes:
- Multiple ribosomes held together by the mRNA thread; indicative of very active protein synthesis
ribosomal RNA:
- Translates mRNA into amino acid chains
Triplet:
Three ribonucleotides in a row; one codon
Author
dys1965
ID
92528
Card Set
Microbiology
Description
CH14: Transcription and Translation of Genes
Updated
2011-06-30T16:40:50Z
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