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What are earthquakes?
Vibrations of the Earth caused by the rapid release of energy
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Where do earthquakes occur and how often?
80% of earthquakes occur along the Pacific Rim bc all of the plate boundaries are around the rim.
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What are the 4 plate boundaries?
- 1.Convergent plate boundaries
- 2.Divergent plate boundaries
- 3.Transform plate boundaries
- 4.Intraplate earthquakes
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What is focus?
Point of origin of the energy release, usually less then 100km deep
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What is epicenter?
The spot on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
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When do earthquakes occur?
When built up pressure is suddenly released
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What is the elastic rebound theory?
- -explains how energy is stored in rocks
- -rocks bend until the strength of the rock is exceeded
- -rupture or breakage occurs and the rocks quickly rebound to an undeformed shape
- -energy is released in waves
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What is the sequence of Earthquake generation?
- 1.Foreshock-small,creep- happens before earthquake occurs
- 2.Main Earthquake
- 3.Aftershock-smaller, numerous earthquakes that can continue for up to 1-2yrs
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What does seismo mean?
study of vibrations or earthquakes
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What is seismology?
The study of earthquakes
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What is a seismograph (seismometer)?
A machine that records the seismic waves
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What is a seismogram?
The actual record of the seismic waves
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What are the two types of Seimic Waves?
- 1.Body Waves
- 2.Surface Waves
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What are body waves?
Waves that travel through the body of the earth
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What are the two types of body waves?
- 1.P or primary waves-fastest 6-7km/s, compressional waves, travel through solids, liquids, and gases
- 2.S or secondary waves-slower 3.5km/s, only travel through solids
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What are the two types of surface waves?
- 1.L or Love waves-side to side
- 2.R or Rayleigh waves-up down
- L and R waves are the slowest type of waves 2.5km/s, travel only through solids, very close to epicenter.
- *These waves cause the most damage during earthquakes*
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