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Lispro (Humalog)
- Action: Short Duration: Rapid Acting
- Onset: 15-30 min
- Peak: 0.5-2.5 hr
- Duration: 3.0-6.5 hr
-
aspart (NovoLog)
- Action: Short Duration: Rapid Acting
- Onset: 10-20 min
- Peak: 1.0-3.0 hr
- Duration: 3.0-5.0 hr
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glulisine (Apidra)
- Action: Short Duration: Rapid Acting
- Onset: 10-15 min
- Peak: 1.0-1.5 hr
- Duration: 3.0-5.0 hr
-
Regular insulin (Humulin R)
- Action: Short Duration: Slow Acting
- Onset: 30-60 min
- Peak: 1-5 hr
- Duration: 6-10 hr
-
NPH insulin (Humulin N)
- Action: intermediate
- Onset: 60-120 min
- Peak: 6-14 hr
- Duration: 16-24 hr
-
detemir (Levemir)
- Action: intermediate
- Onset: ----
- Peak: 6-8 hr
- Duration: 12-24 hr
-
glargine (Lantus)
- Action: long duration
- Onset: 70 min
- Peak: none
- Duration: 24 hr
- (do not mix lantus with other insulins)
-
Exubera
- Action: Inhaled (short; duration; slow acting)
- Onset: 15-30
- Peak: 0.5-1.5 hr
- Duration: 6.5 hr
-
Nursing implications when administering insulin
- U100 insulin is the most common concentration (70/30)
- NPH is the only cloudy insulin, roll vial gently between palms to mix
- draw up clear (regular, lispro-short acting) before (intermediate) insulin to prevent contaminating a short-acting insulin with a long-acting insulin
- inject subcutaneously; aspiration is not necessary
- acoid massaging the site after injection
- rotate sites within anatomic area; the abdmen is preferred for more rapid, even absorption
- exubera is an inhaled insulin; the dose may be very different from an injected insulin
- clean inhaler once a week and replace the release unit every 2 weeks
- inhaled insulin can replace mealtime insulin but does not provide basal glycemic control; need to also use and intermediate or long-acting insulin
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