Chpt 13

• therapies based on psychological principles
• psychotherapy

• treatments that focus on altering the brain
• especially with drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive therapy

• a humanistic approach to treatment developed by Carl Rogers
• emphasize an individual's tendency for healthy psychological growth through self-actualization

Carl Roger's technique of paraphrasing the clients' words, attempting to capture the emotional tone expressed

• any form of psychotherapy done with more than one client or patient at a time
• often done from a humanistic perspective

• groups that provide social support & and opportunity for sharing ideas about dealing with common problems
• typically organized & run by lay persons
• Alcoholics Anonymous

another term for behavior therapy

behavioral therapy technique in which anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus

• form of desensitization therapy
• patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus

• classical conditioning procedure
• aversive counterconditioning involves presenting individuals with an attractive stimulus paired with unpleasant (aversive) stimulation in order to condition revulsion

operant conditioning approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences of behavior

• operant technique applied to groups involving the distribution of "tokens" of other indicators of reinforcement contingent on desired behaviors
• can later be exchanged for privileges, food, or other reinforcers

a newer form of psychotherapy that combines the techniques of cognitive therapy with those of behavior therapy

Albert Ellis's brand of cognitive therapy based on the idea that irrational thoughts & behaviors are the cause of mental disorders

pre-scribed use of drugs to help treat symptoms of mental illness ostensibly to ensure the individuals are more receptive to talk therapies

• medecines that diminish psychotic symptoms
• usually by their effect on the dopamine pathways in the brain

• incurable disorder of motor control
• involving muscles of the face and head
• results from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs

• medecines that affect depression
• usually by their effect on the serotonin & or norepinephrine pathways in the brain

simple chemical compound that is highly effective in daampening the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder

• category of drugs that includes the barbiturates & benzodiazepines
• drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety

• drugs that normally increase activity level by encouraging communication among neurons in the brain
• found to suppress activity level in person's with attention-deficit or hyperactivity disorder

general term for surgical intervention in the brain to treat psychological disorders

• treatment used primarily for depression & involving the application of an electric current to the head
• produce a generalized seizure
• "shock treatment"

• treatment that involves magnetic stimulation of specific regions of the brain
• does not produce a seizure

Jone's term for a program of treating mental disorder by making the institutional environment supportive & humane for patients

policy of removing patients, whenever possible, from mental hospitals

• where patients transfer to the analyst emotions linked with other relationships
• love or hatred for a parent