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1st person to view microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa)
Leeuwanhoek
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Who developed the taxonomic system?
Linnaeus
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What is the taxonomic system?
A system for naming plants and animals simular organisms together
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What are Leeuwenhoek's 6 microoganism groups?
- Fungi
- protozoa
- algae
- bacteria
- archaea
- small animals
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3 determining factors for the taxnomic system:
- classification (arrangment in groups)
- nomenclature (names)
- Identification (traits of organisms)
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3 Characteristics of Fungi:
- Eukaryotic (have mucleus membrain)
- live off other organisms
- cell walls
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Fungi are composed into 2 types, what are they?
Molds (multicellular;produced by sexual and asexual spores)
Yeast (unicellular; produced asexually)
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4 characteristics of Protozoa:
- single-celled eukaryotes
- live in live host
- mostly asexual reproduction
- capable of locomotion
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3 types of Protozoa locomotion:
- pseudopodia (extention and contraction; ameba)
- cilia (numerous short hairs)
- flagella (tail-like extentions)
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5 characterisics of Algae:
- unicellular or multicellular
- photosynthetic
- simple reproductive structures
- a main food source
- smells like bile
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Function of algae:
helps breaks down substances in H2O.
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4 Characteristics of bacteria and archaea:
- unicellular and lack nuclei
- smaller than eukaryotes
- porkaryotes found in moisture
- reproduct asexually
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Difference between bacteria and alchaea.
- Bacteria: call walls contain peptidoglycan; lack cell walls; can cause disease (good or bad)
- Archaea: walls composed of polymers; not harmful.
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What was the 1st vaccine created for?
small pox
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What was the first antibiotic created for?
syphilis
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What was the first bacteria created for?
cure for anthorax
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What was aristotles theory on spontanious generation? Was it true?
Things can arise from nonliving matter.
No, It is not true. This was proven false by Redi's experiment.
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What was the conclusion for Redi's experiment?
- When decaying meat was kept isolated from flies (via cheeze cloth or lid), maggots never developed.
- Meat exposed to flies was soon infested with maggots.
- His experiment proved aristotles theory wrong.
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What does abiogenesis mean?
The orgin of life
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What is spontaneous generation?
Living things can arise from nonliving matter.
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Who developed the germ theory of disease?
Pasteur
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Who studied causative agents of disease (like anthrax)?
Koch
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1st disease proven to be bacterial origin?
Anthrax
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What is a pathogen?
disease causing organisms
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what is mycology?
study of Fungi
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Study of virus is?
virology
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what is the "study of parasites"?
parasitology
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What is industial microbes?
Man harnessed microorganisms used to produce useful things
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3 usages for Industrial microbes:
- produce chemicals (citric acid)
- enhance food (bread, yogart)
- medical products (insulin, antibiotics)
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What were Koch's experiments?
- simple staining
- 1st photmicrograph of bacteria (also in a diseased tissue)
- CFU/ml
- used steam to sterilize
- use of petri dishes
- aspectic techniques
- distinguished bacteria as a species
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What were the 7 things Koch postulated?
- suspected a cause must me found in every case of disease and be absent in healthy host
- agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
- when agent is introducted into a healthy, susceptiable host, the host must get the disease
- same agent must be reisolated from non-diseases experimental host
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Who proved that a specific microbe is a/the cause of illness?
koch
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T/F. Many pathogen's aren't bacteria.
True
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Who proposed hand washing to prevent infection and disease? and what type of hand washing?
Ignes Semmelweis fathered chlorinated handwashing, especially during delivery.
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What was Joseph Lister's antiseptic technique?
carbolic acid technique
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How did Florence Nightingale reformed military hospitals in the 19th century?
hygene in hospitals
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Who is John Snow?
He enclosed infection control and epidemiologly.
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What is epidemiology?
the study of health-event patterns in a society
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What is Immuniology?
a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.
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What was the Jenner vaccine?
vaccine against small pox, cowpox, anthrax, rabbies and chlorea
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What are the "magic bullets"?
chemotheraphy
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Who is Paul Ehrlich?
Scietist who treated Syphilis.
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What did Ehrlich use to cure syphilis?
chemotheraphy
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What is an obstetrician?
doctor who deals with children
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What is a gynaecolegist?
doctor that deals with womens health.
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What is a pediatrician?
Works with children and infants who are already born.
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What is a nosocomial infection?
Any sort of infection that originates from a healthcare setting; doctors office, hospitals, etc.
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Who worked in fermentation?
pasteur
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Who discovered enzynes in yeast extract?
Buchner
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Who designed herbisides and pesticides, treatment of metabolic diseases, treatment and monitoring patients, and drug design?
Kluyver and Van Niel
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Who proposed the gene sequence could provide understanding of evolution, taxonomic catergories, and identify existance of uncultured microbes?
pauling
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What causes Cat-scratch fever?
Unculturable organisms
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Who determined that cells belong to bacteria,archaea, or eukaryotes?
woese
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What is serology
study of blood stream
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What is immunology
study of the body's defence agains pathogens
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Who discovered penicillian
fleming
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What is lypopolysaccharides?
- aka> lypoglycans
- large molecules made of lipids and polycharrides joined with covalent bonds.
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Function of ER
protein synthesis
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Function of the nucleus
DNA storage site
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Function of the mitochondria
ATP sythesis
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Function of a peroxisome
- contain oxidative enzymes and other enzymes that help produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide
- oxygen carrier
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Function of the golgi apparatous
Transpoting protein
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Function of lysosome
dispose of cell toxins out of cell.
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