NR435 Chapter 7

low levels of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency or red blood cells

Receiving less than 90% of the minimum calorie intake needed for normal growth and development and a healthy, productive life.

plowing along hill contours, reduced erosion

plants such as alfalfa, rye, or clover that can be planted immediately after harvest to hold and protect the soil.

Acute food shortages characterized by large-scale loss of life, social disruption and economic chaos.

The ability for individuals to obtain sufficient food on a day by day basis

Genetically Modified Organisms. Organisms created by combining natural or synthetic genes using the techniques of molecular biology

Lab manipulation of genetic material using molecular biology

Dramatically increased agricultural production brought about by miracle strains of grain

Removal of layers of soil, creating channels or ravines too large to be removed by normal tillage operations.

A nutritional imbalance caused by lack of specific dietary components or inability to absorb or utilize essential nutrients

Protective groundcover that protects soil, saves water and prevents weeds from growing

Pathologically overweight, having a body mass over 30 pounds than average

Farming methods that preserve soil and save energy and water through reduced cultivation.

The removal of thin layers of soil as little rivulets of running water gather and cut small channels in the soil.

A process by which mineral salts accumulate in the soil, killing plants. Occrs when soils in dry climates are irrigated profusely.

Peeling off thin layers of soil from the land surface, primarily by wind and water

Horizontal layers that reveal a soil's history, characteristics and usefulness.

Planting different types of crops in alternating strips along land contours

A layer of sooil beneath the topsoil that has lower organic content and higher concentrations of fine mineral particles.

Ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just agricultural system. Stewardship, soil conservatio, and IPM are essential for sustainability.

Shaping the land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil; enables farmers to farm very steep hillsides.

The first true layer of soil; layer in which organic material is mixed with mineral particles.

Water saturation of soil that fills all air spaces and causes plant roots to die from lack of oxygen- a result of overirrigation.