-materials enter and leave through specific channels
nucleus
contains DNA
-regulates cell processes through chromosomal genes
mitochondria
-the "powerhouse" of cell
-provides energy in form of ATP
what makes the mitochondrion unique?
It has a double membrane
-has its own DNA
-reproduces itself
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
synthesizes lipids
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to its surface.
ribosomes
sythesize proteins
-found in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER
golgi apparatus
modfies roteins and lipids synthesized within the ER
-packages these products for transport to other parts of the cell or for secretion;
-prepares lysosomal enzymes
-transfers to lysosome
lysosome
intracellular digestion and disposal of cell wastes
cytoskelton
includes microfilaments
-helps determine cell shape
-assists with intracellular transport of materials
-anchors and moves organelles.
centrioles
constructed of microtubules that help organize chromosome migrations during cell division
cilia
microtubule hairs on the cell surface that help control cell surface mobility
- especially important in respiratory tract lining,
flagellum
single long microtubule hair used for cell mobility
microvilli
-increases cell membrane surface area for absorption -found in intestinal and kidney cells
The ______ is involved in disposal of cellular debris
lysosome
The ______ of some cells is modified to form microvilli.
cell membrane
Protein synthesis takes place on the ______
endoplasmic reticulum
The cell's genetic material is located in the ______
nucleus
The ______ is the "powerhouse" of the cell
mitochondrion
The ______ is the control center for regulating cellular functions
endoplasmic reticulum
The ______ contains citric acid (Krebs) cycle enzymes
mitochondrion
The ______ regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cell
cell membrane
Hormone receptors are located on the ______
cell membrane
the three major metabolic pathways involved in aerobic cellular respiration
The three major metabolic pathways are glycolisis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and the electron transport chain
Diffusion
the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration via their own kinetic energy (passive transport)
Osmosis
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from the side of higher water concentration (lower solute) to the side of lower
water concentration (higher solute) (Passive transport)
Facilitated transport
A molecule is transported across the cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration (of that molecule) via a protein carrier
Active transport:
Molecules are moved across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient by a protein pump. Energy is required
Isotonic solution
The solute concentration of two solutions (inside and outside cell) is the same
Hypertonic solutions
The solute concentration outside the cell is higher (therefore H20 concentration is lower), causing water to leave the cell and it will shrink or "crenate".
Hypotonic solutions
The solute concentration outside the cell is lower (therefore H20 concentration is higher). Water will enter cell causing it to swell and burst or "lyse."
A normal red blood cell placed in a solution begins to swell. This means that
water is moving into the cell.
A substance moving across a cell membrane from a region of low to high concentration can do so by
active transport
The organelle responsible for protein processing, packaging and transport is the
golgi apparatus
Which organelle is incorrectly paired with its corresponding function?