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Which of the following best defines physiology?
a) The study of tissues.
b) The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
c) The study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.
d) The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
b)The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
Physiology concerns the function of the body: how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
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Which of the following best describes macroscopic anatomy?
a) The study of structural changes that occur in the body throughout one's lifespan.
b) The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
c) The study of structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.
d) The study of structural changes caused by disease.
b) The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
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Embryology is a subdivision of anatomy that deals with developmental changes that occur before birth.
a) True
b) False
a) True
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Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow. This phenomenon exemplifies:
a) the principle of complementarity of structure and function.
b) the principles of cardiovascular physiology.
c) the principle of microscopic anatomy.
d) the principle of structural organization.
a) the principle of complementarity of structure and function.
The principle of complementarity of structure and function states that what a structure can do depends on its specific form. For example, bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow.
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Which of the following represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive?
a) Cellular level
b) Chemical level
c) Molecular level
d) Organismal level
d) Organismal level
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The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. Select the correct function from the list below.
a) Metabolism
b) Homeostasis
c) Maintaining Boundaries
d) Responsiveness
c) Maintaining Boundaries
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Which of the following best defines physiology?
a) The study of tissues.
b) The study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
c) The study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.
d) The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
a) True
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Which of the following processes require a receptor, a control center, and an effector?
a) Responsiveness
b) Homeostatic control
c) Maintaining Boundaries
d) Movement
b) Homeostatic control
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Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
a) The regulation of body temperature
b) The control of blood volume by ADH
c) The control of blood sugar by insulin
d) Blood clotting
d) Blood clotting
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Which of the following is true of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) Their purpose is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
b) The result or response enhances the original stimulus, and the response is accelerated.
c) The variable changes in a direction opposite to that of the initial change.
d) The output shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
b) The result or response enhances the original stimulus, and the response is accelerated.
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The knee is distal to the thigh.
a) True
b) False
a) True
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Why are directional terms so important?
a) They allow us to designate specific areas within major body divisions.
b) They allow us to accurately describe the position of a human body.
c) They allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another.
d) They enable us to identify an extreme anatomical variation in a human body.
c) They allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another.
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Which of the following statements is correct?
a) The breastbone is posterior to the spine.
b) The heart is ventral to the breastbone.
c) The breastbone is ventral to the spine.
d) The heart is posterior to the spine.
c) The breastbone is ventral to the spine.
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Which of the following statements is correct?
a) The navel is medial to the chin.
b) The chin is cranial to the navel.
c) The navel is superior to the chin.
d) The navel is lateral to the chin.
b) The chin is cranial to the navel.
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It is possible for slight anatomical variations to occur in a human body; for example, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out of place, or a small muscle may be missing.
a) True
b) False
a) True
Humans may differ in their external and internal anatomies. In some bodies, for example, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out of place. Nonetheless, well over 90% of all structures present in any human body match the textbook descriptions. We seldom see extreme anatomical variations because they are incompatible with life.
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Which of the following is the regional term designating the limbs?
a) The appendicular part
b) The medial part
c) The lateral part
d) The axial part
a) The appendicular part
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The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
a) True
b) False
a) True
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Which of the following best describes a sagittal plane?
a) A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
b) A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
c) A horizontal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
d) A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
a) A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
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The ventral body cavity is subdivided into which of the following cavities?
a) The vertebral/spinal, cranial, and pleural cavities
b) The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
c) The vertebral/spinal, abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities
d) The vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities
b) The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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A serosa, or serous membrane, can be found within which one of the following body cavities?
a) The dorsal body cavity
b) The spinal cavity
c) The cranial cavity
d) The ventral body cavity
d) The ventral body cavity
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