-
"Cherry red spot" on macula
- Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
- Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
- Central Retinal artery occulsion
-
Dressler's Syndrome
- (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
- Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
-
Gower's sign
- (Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
- Child uses arms to stand up from squat
-
"Slapped Cheeks"
- (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease)
- Parvovirus B19
- Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
-
Huntington's disease
- Autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion
- Chorea, Caudate degeneration, dementia
- (5 C's : Chorea, Crazy (dementia), AcetylCholine decrease, CAG, and Caudate degeneration)
-
McArdle's disease
- Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
- Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, and painful cramps
-
Hypothyroidism
- Cold Intolerance, weight gain
- Hashimoto Thyroiditis
- Cretinism
- Myxedema
-
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)
- Damage to Medial Longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
- Bilateral--Multiple Sclerosis
- Unilateral--Stroke
- Conjugate lateral glaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
- Paralysis of Adducting eye (Nystagmus)
-
PDA
- Continous "machinery" heart murmur
- Close with INDOMETHACIN
- open with MISOPROSTOL (prostaglandin)
-
Myxedema
- Hypothyroidism and Graves disease (pretibial myxedema)
- Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
-
Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Usuall AIDS patients (gay men)
- Associated with HHV-8 (also in AIDS patients)
- Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
-
Acetylcholine
- DEcreased: Huntington's and Alzheimer's
- INcreased: Parkinson's
-
Reiter's Syndrome
- Sero-negative HLA B27 arthritis
- (Can't See, Can't Pee, Can't Climb a Tree)
- Conjunctivits/Uveitis, Urethritis, Arthritis
- Post GI or Chlamydia infections
-
Seronegative Spondylarthropathies
- (PAIR)
- P-Psoriatic Arthritis
- A-Ankylosing spondylitis
- I-Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- R-Reiter's Syndrome/Reactive arthritis
-
Pellagra
- Niacin (Vit. B3) deficiency
- (3 D's of vit. B3)
- D-Dermatitis
- D-Dementia
- D-Diarrhea
-
Wet Beriberi
- Thiamine (vit. B1) deficiency
- Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
- Dry Beriberi + Cardiomyopathy = Wet Beriberi
- Dry Beriberi = polyneuropathy in isolation with vitamin B1 deficiency
-
Pastreurella multocida
- Cellulitis at inoculation site
- Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
-
Sjogren's Sydrome
- Autoimmune destruction of exocrine gland (specifically salivary and lacrimal glands)
- Common Triad: (Can't See, Can't Spit, Can't Climb Shit)
- Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
-
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- May progress to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Common Triad: (DIG)
- Dysphagia (esophageal web)
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Glossitis
-
Ehlers-Danlos sydrome
- Collagen defect, usually type III collagen
- Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
-
Virchow's node
- Abdominal metastasis (very poor prognosis)
- Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
-
Sezary syndrome or Mycosis fungoides
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sezary syn.)
- Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
-
Chvostek's sign
- Hypocalcemia
- Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
- (CHvostek's sign = tap the CHeek)
- Also, see Trussous sign--Tighten blood pressure cuff and get carpal spasm
-
Acute Cholecystitis
- bile duct blocakage
- precursor is Cholithiasis (gall stones)
-
Cholelithiasis
- AKA Gall stones
- Leads to acute cholecystitis
- (4 F's)
- Fat, female, forty, and fertile
-
Jarisch-herxheimer reaction
- Caused by treponema palladium
- Rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release
- Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphillis
-
Measles
- Morbillivirus, Parymyxovirus
- AKA Rubeola virus
- Fever, rash, and (4 C's)
- Coplik (Koplik spots), Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza (allergy symptoms such as runny nose, watery eyes)
-
Name two viruses that cause "common cold"
- Rhinovirus
- Corona virus
- (A RHINO drinking a COLD CORONA)
-
B symptoms and Tuberculosis
- B symptoms (lymphoma)
- Fever, night sweats, weight loss
-
Peyronie's disease
- Connective tissue disorder on dorsum of penis
- Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
-
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- HGPRT deficiency (enzyme in purine salvage pathway)
- X-linked recessive
- Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
-
Kayser-Fleischer rings
- copper accumulation from Wilson's disease
- Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
- (when COPPER becomes oxidized it turns GREEN)
-
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstuction; increase cancer risk
- Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
-
Gaucher's disease
- Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
- "crinkled tissue paper" cytoplasm
- Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
-
Alport's sydrome
- Type IV collagen mutation
- (can't see, Can't pee, can't hear)
- Cataracts
- Hereditary nephritis
- Sensorineural hearing loss
-
Trousseau's sign
- adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
- Hypercoagulability (leading to thrombophlebitis which can cause migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
-
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
- Bilateral amygdala lesion
- Hyperphagia, Hypersexuality, Hyperorality, Hyperdocility
- Erika Eiffel = Married the Eiffel tower (objectum sexuality)
-
Conn's syndrome
- Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
- high levels of aldosterone
- Treat with drugs that cause low aldosterone: Aldosterone Antagonist (spironolactone and anaplaronone)
-
"Blue Bloater"
- Chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells (increased REID index)
- Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
-
1) Chancre
2) Chancroid
- Both are indurated, ulcerated genital lesions
- 1) Non-painful,in Primary Syphillis caused by Treponema pallidum
- 2) Painful with exudate, caused by Haemphilus ducreyi (If its painful I "do cry")
-
Niemann-Pick disease
- Genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency
- can see cherry red spots on macula
- Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
-
1)Cori's disease
2)Von Gierke's disease
- 1) Debranching enzyme deficiency (glycogen getting stored in liver and can't undergo glycogenolysis)
- 2) Absent of gluconeogenesis
- Both: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
-
Edward's sydrome
- Trisomy 18
- Infant with microcephaly, ROCKER-BOTTOM FEET, clenched hands, and stuctural heart defect, micrognathia (small jaw)
- Most common autosomal genetic defect after Down Syndrome
-
Charcot's triad
- Ascending Cholangitis
- Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- These cells make keratin so get pickets of keratin 'pearls'
- Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
-
Erythema chronicum migrans
- From Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease and Babesia: Borrelia burgdorferi)
- Large rash with bull's eye appearance
-
Epidural hematoma
- Middle meningeal artery rupture
- Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
- (Get knocked in the head and unconscious but get back up after a couple of hours, then get dizzy and then die shortly afterwards)
-
Bruton's disease
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- (3 B's)
- Boys, no mature B-cells, infection is Back!
- Male child, no mature B-cells, recurrent infection
-
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa
- Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
-
Gardner's sydrome
(Gardners growing stuff everywhere in body)
- Subtype of FAP
- Multiple colon polyps, osteoma/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
-
1) Wegener's syndrome (granulomatosis)
- (3 N's and 3 C's)
- (3 N's): Necrotizing vasculitis, Necrotizing granulomas in lungs and upper airway, Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
- (3 C's): c-ANCA, Casts (RBC), and treat with Cyclophosphamide and Corticosteriods
- has perforation of nasal septum (can also be seen in cocaine abuse)
-
Goodpasture's syndromes
- Anti-basement membrane antibodies
- necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
-
Erb-Duchenne palsy
- Superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip"
- Often associated with clavicular fracture
- Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
-
Sheehan's sydrome
- Pituitary infarction
- No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerence
- Women has postpartum hemorrhage which causes HTN so pituitary doesn't get enough blood flow so gets pituitary infarction so No Hormone
-
Multiple Sclerosis
- bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
- Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech (other Charcot's Triad)
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- Central apnea in CHF or increase intracranial pressure
- Oscillating slow/fast breathing
-
Cold Agglutinin disease
- IgM antibodies
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis (caused by EBV)
- Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
-
Raynaud's syndrome
- Vasospasm in extremities
- Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
-
Osler's node
- Associated with Infective endocarditis
- Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
-
Janeway lesions
- Associated with infective endocarditis
- Painless, erythematous lesions on palms and soles
-
Infective Endocarditis
- (bacteria FROM JANE)
- Fever, Roth's spots, Osler's node, Murmur, Janeway lesions, Anemia, Nail bed hemorrhage (splinter hemorrhage), Emboli
-
Painless Jaundice
- In adults, cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
- Good sign to have so can diagnose pancreatic cancer
-
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Palpable purpura on buttock and legs, joint pain (arthritis), abdominal pain (child)
- IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys
- (Henoch is on the Buttock of little Focks)
- (also another name for buttock is A=Ass)
- A= IgA nephropathy, Abdominal pain, Arthralgia
-
Wermer's sydrome
- MEN 1
- (3 P's)
- Pancreatic, Pituitary, Parathyroid tumors
-
"Pink Puffer"
- Emphysema: centroacinar (smoking), panacinar (alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
- Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
-
Turner's sydrome
- XO, chromosome 45, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
- Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease(coarctation of aorta), horseshoe kidney
-
Gout
- caused by Lesch-Nyhan sydrome, PRPP excess, decrease excretion of uric acid (hyperuricemia)
- 90% underexcreation, 10% overproduction
- Crystals: Needle shaped, Negative birefringent (yellow when parallel and blue when perpendicular to the light)
- swollen, painful, red joint
- Podagra = Painful MTPJ of hallux
- Tophus production
- Acute attacks after big meals or alcohol consumption/binge
- Treatment: (A=CN(i)) and (C=AP)
- Acute=Colchine, NSAIDs (indomethacin) NSAIDS Drug of Choice
- Chronic=Allopurinol, Probenicid
-
Scurvy
- Vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis
- Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
-
Osteoarthritis
- 'Wear and tear' localized disease
- Osteophytes, Eburnation, Heberden's node (DIPJ), Bouchard's node (PIPJ)
- Non-inflammatory, no systemic symptoms, "bow-legged" cartilage loss, sclerotic bone, joint space narrowing, subchondral cyst, and Pain with use
- Treament in order of options: Acetaminophen (for pain), NSAIDS, steriod injection (decrease inflammation), hyaluronic acid (slippery substance will help with lubrication of joint), and Opoids (pain)
-
Psuedogout
Calcium Pyrophosphate crystals (rhomboid, Positively birefringent)
-
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
- Polyuria
- acidosis
- growth failure
- electrolyte imbalances
-
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
Positive anterior 'drawer sign'
-
Horner's sydrome
- Sympathetic chain lesion
- Ptosis
- Anhidrosis
- Miosis
- Pancoast's tumor
- *Remember* PAM is HORNY screwing guys from COAST to COAST
-
Argyll Robertson pupil
- Neurosyphillis
- Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
- 'Prostitutes' pupil'
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