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Radiocarpal Joint
1) What is it between?
2) Movements?
- 1) distal radius, scaphoin, and lunate; articular disc and triquetrum
- 2) flexion/extension, abduction (radial deviation), adduction (ulnar deviation) --> circumduction
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Distal Radioulnar Joint
1) What is it between? What binds them together?
2) Movements?
- 1) rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius; fibrocartilaginous triangular disc.
- 2) pronation and supination
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Muscle: Pronator Teres (ant. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin:
- Humeral Head: Medial Humeral epicondyle
- Ulnar Head: coronoid process of ulna
- Insertion:
- middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
- Innervation: median nerve (C6, C7)
- Action: pronates and flexes forearm @ elbow
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Muscle: Flexor capri radialis (ant. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: Medial Humeral Epicondyle
- Insertion: base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
- Innervation: median nerve (C6, C7)
- Action: Flexes & abducts hand (@ wrist)
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Muscle: Palmaris longus (ant. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: medial humeral epicondyle
- Insertion:
- distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
- Innervation: median nerve (C7. C8)
- Action:
- Flexes hand (@ wrist) & tenses palmar aponeurosis; not found in everyone
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Muscle: Flexor carpi ulnaris (ant. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin:
- medial humeral epicondyle (ppt)
- olecranon & post. border (via aponeurosis) (text)
- Insertion: pisoform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
- Innervation: ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
- Action: flexes & adducts hand 9 (@ wrist)
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Muscle: Flexor digitorum superficialis (ant. intermediate)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin:
- Humeral ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
- Radial Head: oblique line of radius
- Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- Innervation: median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
- Action:
- flexing PIP (proximal interphalangeal joints) of digits 2-5.
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Muscle: Flexor Pollicis longus (ant. deep)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin:
- ant. surface of radius @ adjacent interosseus membrane
- Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
- Innervation:
- ant. interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
- Action: flexes the thumb (phalanges of 1st digit)
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Muscle: Flexor digitorum profundus (ant. deep)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin:
- proximal 3 quarters of medial & ant. surfaces of ulna & interosseous membrane
- Insertion: on the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
- Innervation:
- Lat. part (digits 2 & 3) median nerve(C8, T1) (ant. interosseous branch). Medial part (digits 4 & 5) ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
- Action:
- flexes the DIP joints (distal interphalangeal) digits 2-5; assists w/wrist flexion
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Muscle: Pronator quadratus (ant. deep)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: distal quarter of ant. surface of ulna
- Insertion: distal quarter of ant. surface of radius
- Innervation:
- ant. interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
- Action:
- Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius & ulna together
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Ligament: Flexor retinaculum
On distal row, what is on each side?
On proximal row, what is on each side?
- Distal: hook of the hamate to trapezium
- proximal: pisoform to tubercle of scaphoid
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Muscle: Brachioradialis (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral supercondyle ridge of humerus
- Insertion: lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
- Innervation: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
- Action: flexes the elbow & plays a minor role in pronation & supination back to neutral (ppt); weak flexion of forearm, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position (text)
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Muscle: Extensor carpi radialis longus (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
- Innervation: radial nerve (C6, C7)
- Action: extend & abduct hand at the wrist joint
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Muscle: Extensor carpi radialis brevis (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
- Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
- Innervation: deep branch of radial never (C7, C8)
- Action: extend & abduct hand at the wrist joint.
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Muscle: Extensor digitorum (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
- Insertion: extensor expansions of medial four fingers
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: extends digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
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Muscle: Extensor digiti minimi (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
- Insertion: extensor expansion of 5th finger
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: extends 5th finger primarly at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint.
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Muscle: Extensor carpi ulnaris (post. superficial)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus post. border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis (text)
- Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch radial nerve
- Action: extends & adducts hand @ wrist joint
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Muscle: Supinator (post. deep)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus (ppt); radial collateral & anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna
- Insertion: lat., post., & ant. surfaces of proximal third of radius
- Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Action: supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
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Muscle: abductor pollicis longus (post. deep; outcropping)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: post. surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, & interosseous membrane
- Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: abducts thumb & extends it @ carpometacarpal joint
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Muscle: extensor pollicis longus (post. deep; outcropping)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: post. surface of middle third of ulna & interosseous membrane
- Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: extends distal phalanx of thumb of interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints
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Muscle: extensor pollicis brevis (post. deep; outcropping)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: post. surface of distal third of radius & interosseous membrane
- Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint
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Muscle: extensor indicis; pointer finger (post. deep; outcropping)
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
- Origin: post. surface of distal third of ulna & interosseous membrane
- Insertion: extensor expansion of 2nd finger
- Innervation: post. interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
- Action: extends 2nd finger (enabling independent flexion); helps extend hand at wrist.
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