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author of Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare
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author of "The Most Dangerous Game"
Richard Connell
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author of "The Birds"
Daphne du Maurier
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author of "Without Words"
Elliot Merrick
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author of "Witness for the Prosecution"
Agatha Christie
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author of "Adventure of the Dancing Men"
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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author of "Harrison Bergeron"
Kurt Vonnegut
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author of "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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author of "Raymond's Run"
Toni Cade Bambara
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author of The Pearl
John Steinbeck
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author of Of Mice and Men
John Steinbeck
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author of Speak
Laurie Halse Anderson
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author of Hiroshima
John Hersey
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author of Shaking Hands with Shakespeare
Allison Wedell Schumacher
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Point of View - first person
narrator is a character in the story
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Point of View - third person (omniscient)
narrator is from an outside point of view and knows the thoughts/feelings of several characters
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Point of View - third person (limited)
narrator is from an outside point of view and knows the thoughts/feelings of only one character
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Point of View - third person (objective)
narrator is from an outside point of view and does not know the thoughts/feelings of any characters, just facts
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five themes of Setting
- geographical
- place of action
- time in history
- time of day
- mood
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Theme
- point the author is trying to make
- the big idea
- the lesson
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four ways characters are Characterized
- author describes character
- character describes character
- character describes himself
- reader decides based on dialogue/actions
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Dynamic Character
character learns something
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Static Character
character doesn't learn something
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Suspense
anything that builds anxiety or worry
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Plot
what happens during the story (sequence of events)
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Climax
the most intense part of (sex... jk...) the story
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tour types of Conflict
- man vs self
- man vs man
- man vs environment
- man vs society
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Irony
the opposite of what is expected to happen
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Foreshadowing
hints and clues to some future event/outcome
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Cliffhanger
a suspenseful, dramatic situation at the end of a book, chapter, scene, or episode
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Ratiocination
logically thinking through a problem to solve it
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Retardation
slowing down the story purposefully to build suspense
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Symbolism
a tangible object used to represent an idea
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elements of a Sonnet
- 14 lines
- 10 syllables
- ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
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elements of a Haiku
- line one: 5 syllables
- line two: 7 syllables
- line three: 5 syllables
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Allusion
a reference used to stimulate ideas connecting the poem with the outside world
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Onomatopoeia
use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning
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Metaphor
comparison of two unlike things without using like, as, resembles, or than
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Simile
comparison of two unlike things using like, as, resembles, or than
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Hyperbole
an exaggeration when comparing two things
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Rhythm
a musical quality produced by repetition
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Tone
the voice/writing style (humorous, sarcastic, etc.)
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Imagery
use of vivid description and attention to detail to create pictures in the reader's mind
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Oxymoron
- a combination of two usually contradictory terms
- examples may include: dumb asian, jumbo shrimp
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Juxtaposition
- when two things that aren't put together often are put side by side
- examples may include: same-sex partners, chaotic peace, cold fire, feather of lead
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Rhyme Scheme
the sounds occurring at the end of a poem's lines illustrated by letters
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Rhyme
the repetition of accents, vowel sounds, and all sounds following them and words that appear close together
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Mood
- the picture painted through images
- examples may include: dark stormy night
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Sensory Language
language or imagery that awakens or appeals to the five senses
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Personification
giving human qualities to non-human things
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Alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds in a poem
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Repetition
patterning of certain sounds, syllables, words, or phrases used for emphasize
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Forced Rhyme
- when an imperfect rhyme or off-rhyme is used, sometimes requires the reader to pronounce a word differently in order to complete the rhyme
- examples may include: "marsh" and "parch", "eye" and "symmetry"
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Internal Rhyme
rhymes that appear within a line of a poem
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Couplet
two lovers who like to ____ or a two line poem usually rhyming and can build larger poems
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Refrain
phrase, line, or group of words repeated regularly throughout a poem or song
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End Rhyme
rhyme at the end of a poem's line
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Free Verse
poetry written without proper rules about form, rhyme, rhythm, or meter
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Dialect
a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by a group who are set apart geographically or socially
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Prologue
the introductory part of a poem or novel
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Dramatis Personae
the list of characters in a play
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characteristics of a Shakespearean Tragedy play
- title is generally the main character's name
- main characters have tragic flaws
- irony used a lot
- sad endings (often with death)
- comes from true stories or well known stories
- provides some comic relief throughout
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characteristics of a Shakespearean Comedy play
- title hints at the plot
- happy endings (often in weddings)
- characters are all low born or uneducated
- come from well known stories or current events
- uses slapstick, farce, satire, and puns
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