child psych exam 1

Suppose you found out that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of minutes parents spend reading to children and the number
of minutes parents spend engaging in athletic activity with children. If you conclude that engaging in high levels of athletic activity with children causes
parents to read to them more, which of the following problems would be MOST likely to occur?

Which of the following statements reflects what the textbook maintains
is the best answer to the question of whether development is fundamentally
continuous or discontinuous?

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Longitudinal designs

Which of the following items is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Which of the following statements about longitudinal design is true?

A researcher is interested in the development of depression. She interviews children ages 5, 9, and 13 about their depressive symptoms. This is
an example of which type of design?

One of the best-known stage theories of cognitive development is the
theory of:

Which of the following items would NOT be considered part of the
sociocultural context involved in an American child's language development?

Stage theories regard development as:

With which of the following statements would stage theorists disagree?

“Nurture” refers to all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following activities is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

The “baby biography” was developed by:

Which of Scarr's factors is related to the theme of the “active” child?

Which of the following research designs allows researchers to infer cause-and-effect associations between variables?

Which of the following statements about naturalistic observation is NOT true?

Who bears the highest responsibility for ensuring that children are unharmed when participating in psychological research?

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their:

Consider the research
on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past
events discussed in the text. Of the following pieces of advice, which
one would be the MOST important to tell an interviewer prior to
interviewing a young child?

In the United States, which of the following substances is the MOST common cause of injury to the fetal brain?

Which of the following events is thought to be apoptosis?

It is difficult to isolate the effects of malnutrition on prenatal development because malnutrition often coincides with:

Which of the following statements about the “survival of the fittest” principle and conception is true?

Which of the following statements about fetal exposure to alcohol is NOT true?

Which of the following statements about the fetal birth experience is true?

Which of the
following is the best estimate of the percentage of pregnancies in the
United States that end in spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, prior to
the third week?

Of the millions of sperm that enter the vagina, how many get close to the egg?

In
general, prenatal development occurs in such a manner that areas close
to the ______ develop earlier than areas farther away from it.

A fetus's decreased response to a repeated stimulus is termed:

Which of the following statements about
apoptosis is true?

Which of the following statements about the effects of cigarette smoke on a fetus is true?

Which of the following substances is NOT considered a teratogen?

Stem cells:

The three layers of the inner cell mass develop into:

Habituation involves ________ of the heart rate.

Which of the following statements about the newborn REM versus non-REM sleep is true?

Which sense is LEAST stimulated in the uterus?

Smoking by pregnant women does NOT contribute to which of the following conditions in the unborn child?

Tiffany Field and her colleagues demonstrated that low-birth-weight newborns can benefit from:

Which of the following items is a direct contributor to a child's genotype?

A
twin study is conducted to examine the role of genetics and environment
on the fondness of individuals for chocolate. Which of the following
results would lead to the conclusion that genetic factors are important
in the development of this trait?

Marked changes in physical development that have occurred over generations are referred to as:

Which of the following statements about the chromosomes that parents pass on to their offspring is true?

Brain cells that are specialized for transmitting electrical messages are called:

synapses

If an individual is heterozygous for a trait, he has inherited:

A recessive gene governs Trait M. If a child exhibits Trait M, then:

Parents who reward their children with sweets for eating vegetables are likely to be influencing their children to:

Which of the following statements about physical growth is true?

The primary effect of nonshared environmental factors is to:

Which of the following methods for examining the specific areas of the
brain associated with particular behaviors, thoughts, and feelings is most
likely to be used with infants and young children?

Twin studies compare:

Many psychiatric and behavioral disorders are believed to involve:

The folds of the cerebral cortex:

The amount of variability of a trait that is due to genetic factors is
referred to as:

Children share ______ of their genetic material with each of their
grandparents.

All the outcomes that could theoretically result from a given genotype
are referred to as the:

The three main components of neurons are:

Which of the following statements is an example of personification?

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

Joint attention begins in:

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's ________ stage.

Dr. Brown conducts a
study in which participants are presented with the pendulum problem
described in the text and are asked to determine which factor or factors
influence the amount of time it takes the pendulum to swing through a
complete arc: the length of the string, the heaviness of the weight, the
height from which the weight is dropped, or some combination of these
factors. Which of the following comparisons is MOST likely to be made by
an individual in Piaget's formal operations stage?

Miguel
is sitting in his high chair at breakfast time. As if to drive his
parents crazy, Miguel picks up each and every piece of food, from mushy
peaches to crunchy Cheerios, and drops it onto the floor. Sometimes he
drops just one piece, and sometimes he drops multiple pieces
simultaneously, as if to see if there is a difference in the result. As
he drops each piece, he carefully watches as it hits the floor.
According to Piaget, Miguel is most likely to be what age?

According to dynamic-systems theories, which of the following aspects is a constant across the process of development?

Austin
is presented with the pendulum problem described in the text. He begins
his experiments with the belief that the heaviness of the weight is the
most important factor, tests his belief with unsystematic experiments,
and concludes that his belief is accurate even though no clear
conclusion could be drawn. Austin is in Piaget's ________ stage.

Which of the following views best represents information-processing theories?

Information-processing theories include which of the following processes?

According to information-processing theories, which of the following
lists is the typical problem-solving sequence?

Myelination does all of the following processes EXCEPT:

Amy and her father are playing with an
interesting squeaky toy. Amy's father is squeezing the toy in front of Amy.
Amy is very excited and reaches for the toy. Amy's father, however, quickly hides
the toy behind his back. At this point, Amy turns away from her father and
begins to look at the ladybug design on her dress. Amy is probably
approximately what age?

Piaget believed that infants develop the concept of object permanence at
approximately:

According to dynamic-systems theories, ________ is NOT related to
children's selection among alternative approaches to a problem.

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information
stored in:

Information-processing theories suggest that teachers ________ to help
their students learn?

Smith, Thelen, and their colleagues concluded that the A-not-B task,
which is generally viewed as a measure of conceptual understanding, is
influenced by motor activities and attention. This conclusion was reached from
within the ________ approach.

The visual cortex is especially active in ________ memory for sights.

Of sensation and perception, ________ involves the organization and interpretation of information.

Which
of the following statements about the association between speed of
habituation in infancy and general cognitive ability is true?

Which
of the following statements about research on infants' and adults'
ability to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs
of monkey faces is true?

Relative size is an example of which of the following types of depth cues?

Before the age of 4 months, which of the following types of exploration of the environment is most common?

The change in retinal
image size as a moving object gets closer, causing more and more of the
background to be occluded, is referred to as:

Optical expansion is a cue used to perceive:

Which cue is most important for object segregation?

Research by
Baillargeon in which infants looked longer at a screen that rotated 180
degrees than at a screen that rotated up and stopped at the top of a box
used the ________ paradigm in the test of whether the infants were able
to mentally represent the box

________ indicates learning through classical conditioning.

Two
infants of different ages, Diego and Hannah, are tested with the
preferential-looking technique to determine their visual acuity. A series of
black-and-white-striped patterns are presented individually next to a gray
square. Diego can distinguish stripes that are narrower than the stripes Hannah
can distinguish. Compared to Hannah, Diego has:

Binocular
disparity results from:

Which
of the following approaches do many current theorists of motor development,
including Esther Thelen, take?

A
6-month-old infant is trying very hard to reach a colorful rattle that is on
the floor in front of her. The infant's mother mistakenly drops a blanket over
the rattle, concealing it from the infant. The infant reacts by looking away
from the covered rattle and picking up another nearby toy. How would Piaget
attribute the infant's reaction?

The
greatest worry of parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of
their children watching violent acts on television is that that their children
will:

The
process of extracting from the environment elements that remain stable is
referred to as:

Which
of the following reflexes is NOT known to have any adaptive significance?

The
integration of separate elements in a visual display into a single coherent
pattern enables individuals to perceive a(n):