foam general

Fire spread by convection is mostly in _____ direction

Heat can travel where ___ does not exist

Radiant heat is one of the major sources of fire spread to

Generally the ____ process requires less heat input than does the _____ process

The degree of fuel flammability is determined by

MSDSs contain specific information on characteristics for materials that are considered hazardous. What are these characteristics ?

Vapor density is a concern with?

Most flammable liquids have a specific gravity of

Liquid fuels with flash points greater than waters boiling point (212) react ____ to water and foam extinguishment applications

Water boils on contact with hot fuel causing a dangerous frothover condition when ____ are encountered

The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid the greater the rate at which it _____ and the lower it's ____ becomes.

The flash point is the___of the fuel

The spread of fire in an open area is primarily due to heat energy transmitted from the ____ to nearby ___.

Fire spread in outside fires is increased by ____ and ____ , which allows exposed fuels to _____.

When the gases reach the ceiling, the ceiling covering materials absorb heat energy by

The growth stage continues as long as there is sufficient

Compartment fires in the growth stage are usually ____ controlled

Temperature range of flashover is approximately

Ignition temperature of carbon monoxide

Flashover temperature range correlates with the ignition temperature of

One of the most common gases released by pyrolysis (sublimation)

During this period, The burning fuels are releasing the maximum amount of heat possible and producing large volume of unburned fire gases

Rollover AKA

Occurs when flames move through or across unburned fire gases during a fires progression

Rollover is distinguished from flashover because

What structural members retain heat for a long time following extinguishment

Fire in a confined compartment or structure has two particularly important characteristics what are they ?

Factors that impact the development of a fire in a compartment :

The plumes of burning fuel in the center of a compartment ?

The temps that develop in a compartment are the direct result of the ?

The heat rising in a fire plume is transported by

As the hot gases travel over surfaces of other fuels in the compartment, heat is transferred to them by

Factors that effect the development of a fire outside a compartment are

In an exterior fire what determines the amount of heat generated ?

What are the products of combustion ?

In an exterior fire Wind direction and velocity determine?

Large transformer oil capacity

Smaller vaulted or subterranean transformers oil capacity

What is the only way to extinguish a smoldering fire

Water extinguishes fire either through

The advantages of water that are extremely valuable for fire extinguishment are

At normal temp _____ water exist in a liquid state

Smothering is accomplished when the. Expansion of steam

Disadvantages of water

Class D materials are particularly hazardous in?

Medium expansion foam most commonly used at a rate of 20:1 to 200:1 through

Most modern foam concentrates may be stored for long periods of time in excess of

Optimum storage life can be achieved by ?

To prevent corrosion on metal parts, pumps, hoselines, proportioners, and nozzles flush with____ . Always ____ moving parts of ___,____, and____ after using foams.

____ are all compatible with CO, halon substitute, and dry chemical agents and may be ___ _____ with them.

Using foam , halon substitute , and dry chemical agents together is commonly known as

Several different types of special apparatus are used for multiagent applications ranging from ?

The biodegradability of foam in either solution or concentrate form is determined by:

Where AFFF concentrate is concerned, environmental issues revolve around

Some AFFF concentrates use _______ as a water-dispersing solvent and

refractive index tracker is used to determine

EPA determined that both ____and____ might be hazardous to the environment

Elements that affect the drainage process ?

Thick and viscous concentrates are typically

Thinner concentrates are generally found in the

____ and ____ tend to be fast drainers that spread rapidly across liquid fuel surfaces

Class A concentrate is a formulation* of

Shelf life of class A concentrate

Class A foam is used in ___ percentages harm to the environment is ___ concern under ordinary conditions. Take care to prevent direct discharge of concentrates into ___and___

Characteristics that affect class A foam ? (6)

Consistency is an important cideration when establishing class A foam

Class A foam does not adhere to?

Affects retention time for class A foam :

Class A foam concentrates are mixed in proportions of

Most foam nozzles produce more stable finished foams at a ___ % concentration than they do at ___% to ___% concentrations

Employing %s greater than ___ with standard fog nozzles does not appear to increase fire-fighting performance

Exposure protection may be enhanced w/ class A foam through ___ at ___ proportioning settings

Common guidelines for class A foam concentrate proportioning: attack and overhaul with standard fog nozzles

Common guidelines for class A foam concentrate proportioning: Exposure protection with standard fog nozzles:

Common guidelines for class A foam concentrate proportioning: Most operations with air-aspirating foam nozzles-

Common guidelines for class A foam concentrate proportioning: Most operations with CAFS

With ___ finished foam, a strong need to adjust the air and concentrate ratio is present

The use of class A foam in finished or ___ can play a major role in extinguishing deeply concentrated fires

Exposure protection may be enhanced with applying class A foam through fog nozzles at ?

Class B finished foam may be proportioned into the fire stream via

CLASS B
The foam may be applied either with standard fog( ___ and___) or with air aspirating foam nozzles (___)

___ listed AFFF must pass more stringent test than ___listed AFFF

Freeze protected AR-AFFF concentrates may not be ___ because the antifreeze additives tend to ___?

To be effective, a good class B foam must contain the right lend of the following characteristics:

Water retention properties of finished foam are the keys to

The life of finished foam is affected by

Most finished foam breaks down when the fuel's temp is near or over

foam breaks down rapidly as the fuel temp rises and will perhaps become ineffective when the fuels temp is near or over

Highly viscous liquid concentrates are very thick and difficult to proportion through some types of foam pumps. Typically these viscous foams are?

Foams with high fuel resistance can be used for

___,___,and___foams poses a fuel resistance that prevents contamination of the foam

___,___,and___foams have little or no fuel resistance

Alcohol resistant foam concentrates are formulated to protect the finished foam by providing a

Quarter-life is the time required in minutes for ___ of the total liquid solution to drain from the finished foam

1% AR foams are available for use on hydrocarbon spill fires using

Type III devices may include

When employing AFFF, FFFP, or AR-AFFF solution on a hydrocarbon spill fire, the discharge rate should equal

Once the fire is extinguished, finished foam consumption is only affected by the

Medium and high-expansion foam concentrates are used in large volumes for

Although rare, May still be found in a fixed fire-suppression system

Regular protein generally has ___ heat stability, it is not as mobile or fluid as ___ or ___ is___ fuel pickup available in __ and __ % concentrations __ water retention capabilities __ heat resistance performance ___ affected by freezing an thawing store at temp range from __to__. freeze protection ?__
dry chemical compatible?
Used on ?

Fluoroprotein foam combination of ___ and ___

Oleophobic (oil shedding)

When fluorinated surfactant was added to detergent foam concentrates, the water that drains from foam blanket floated on jet fuel this known as

The most commonly used foam today

Completely synthetic, consist of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfacants combined with high boiling point solvents and water

Pre mixable in portable extinguishers and water tanks

Stores at temperatures ranging from 25°-120°

When applied to polar solvent fuels they create a membrane

high heat resistance

Fast knockdown

Can be Plunged into fuel

Good low temp viscosity

Designed solely for use on unignited spills of hazardous liquids

Poor heat resistance because the air-to-water ratio is very high

Wheather the finished foam is high or med is determined by the type of

High expansion foam has three basic applications

Suitable for subsurface injection

Available in 3-6% concentrations

Performance not affected by freezing or thawing

Stores between 35°-120°

Comparable with dry chem.

For use with fresh or salt water

Does not work effectively with water-soluble or water Miscible

Slow draining foam blankets are desirable when

Uses a foam eductor, inductor, line proportioner, or ratio controller

Uses a foam-concentrate pump or bladder proportioner to pump foam concentrate at the appropriate ratio into a water stream

Uses a "dump and pump" or one time use process

Stores in a solution ready to use. One of the more commonly used methods of proportioning

Uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate Into the fire stream at the right ratio for the flow desired

Simplest method of mixing foam. Is commonly used to mix foam concentrates within a fire apparatus water tank

Commonly practiced with class A foam and can be done with all concentrate except AR-AFFF

"dump and pump"

One of the most commonly used methods of proportioningl

This type of proportioning is Typically used with portable fire extinguishers, skid-mounted multiagent extinguishers, wheeled fire extinguishers, and vehicle mounted tank extinguishing systems

____ concentrate is particularly prone to evaporation

IBC range in capacity from ?

Tank capacities for foam tankers are:

These vehicles may be built on a straight frame with tandem rear axles or as tractor trailers

Foam concentrate tanks are found on

Foam concentrate tanks on pumpers range from

ARFF apparatus may carry concentrate in excess of

Apparatus foam tanks must be fitted with ___ and ___ to Prevnet evaporation.

AR-AFFF ISA PARTICULAR CONCERN IT HAS ___ RATHER THAN A _____ IN IT'S FORMULATION AND IS PRONE TO _______

Fixed fire suppression system tanks sizes vary but tanks in exceeds of ___ are common

Storage tank-size variables include the following:

On-site storage tanks usually have ____ and ____ that permit the refilling of apparatus tanks from above this type of system takes the place of ____ filling