Which anatomical area of our respiratory system does gas exchange take place?
Alveoli
What does the RCC (respiratory control center) monitor in the blood?
C02 levels
Is breathing entirely voluntary or involuntary?
Both
What is hyperactive in Hyperactive Airway Disease?
Bronchial Smooth Muscle
What is important about the epiglottis?
Regulates air going into the trachea and food and water going into the esophagus
When food and water accidentally goes into the airway what is that called?
Aspiration
Which cycle of respiration is obstructed in Obstructive Pattern Lung Disease?
Expiration
What is the very function(s) of our paranasal sinus'?
Filtration
Warming the air
Humidifying or moisten the inhaled air
How may layers does the pleural membrane have?
2
Inner and outer
Air entering pleural space is called?
Pneumothorax
Water entering the pleural space is called?
Pleural Effusion (edema)
Which two hormones work on the distal tubules of nephrons?
Aldosterone
ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)
Which way does the water move in osmosis?
Low to High solute concentration
Name the 4 ways we lose body fluid?
Sweating
Feces
Urination
Breathing
Which hormones are NOT under pituitary control?
Calcitonin
PTH
Insulin
Glucagon
Aldosterone
What do you normally find in urine?
Urea
Potassium
H+ (acids)
Urobilinogen
What is NOT normally found in urine?
Glucose
Ketones
Proteins (Albumin)
What are the 3 P's of Type 1 Diabetes?
Polyuria - excessive urination
Polydipsia - excessive thirst
Polyphagia - excessive appetite
What are the most common causes of edema?
Cancer mass (unilateral)
Blood clot or DVT
Congestive heart failure (bilateral)
Protein calorie malnutrition (anywhere)
What are negative or adverse effects of testosterone in elderly males?
Male pattern baldness
Prostate enlargement (possibly cancer)
High LDL cholesterol (increase chance of heart disease)
Which structure is the inguinal hernia herniated to?
Inguinal Canal
A 5 year old child playing outdoors for hours and develops sudden wheezing. What does this person have?
Asthma
A 60 year old smoker with shortness of breath and periodic wheezing. What does this person have?
COPD
A 45 year old with smokers cough. What does the person have?
Chronic Bronchitis
A 46 year old truck driver with shortness of breath after a car accident with rib fracture. What does this person have?
Pneumothorax
Which pituitary hormone is involved with labor or pregnancy?
Oxytocin
Which hormone is opposite in action and function to insulin?
Glucagon
Name the bone cells involved in demineralization.
Osteoclast
What are some diseases we can detect with urinalysis?
Diabetes
Gallstones (Biliary Stones or Disease)
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Kidney Disease
A 26 year old with a large symetrical anterior neck mass. What does this person have?
Goiter
A 60 year old on steroids with difficult to control COPD. What does this person have?
Cushing's Sydrome
A 46 year old low energy level, lethargy, weakness, facial swelling on head and neck swelling. What does this person have?
Hypothyroidism
A 50 year old with very rough skin in face and hands. What does this person have?
Acromegaly
What are the 4 rules of female reproductive system?
Mid-cycle?
Regular cycle length?
Regular menses length?
First day of cycle?
Mid-cycle: Day 14
Regular cycle length: 28 days
Regular menses length: 3-5 days
First day of cycle: First day of menses or period
A 21 year old complaining of increased thirst and appetiite with frequent urination. What does this person have?
Type 1 Diabetes
A 28 year old with tender neck mass, elevated T4 level. What does this person have?
Grave's Disease
A 25 year old female with swollen breasts and nipple discharge. What does this person have?
Prolactinoma
A 45 year old with a lump on one side of the neck (small nodules) and elevated calcium levels. What does this person have?
Parathyroid Adenoma
Which hormone is responsible for faciliating glucose into cells?
Insulin
Which hormone is elevated after ovulation?
Progesterone
What is an autoimmune disease?
The inability to differentiate self (normal body tissue) from non-self (exogenous pathogen)
Immune system attacking body tissue
A 32 year old with heavy periods with clots. What does this person have?
Hemorrhagia
A 16 year old no menses or no cycle. What does this person have?
Primary Amenorrhea
A 28 year old with a lot of intestinal pain related to her cycle. What does this person have?
Endometriosis
A 47 year old with benign uterine growth and a lot of pelvic pain. What does this person have?
Fibroids
A 24 year old female, divorced, has two children, takes birth control pills, has irregular mentrual cycle. Last menstrual period was 15 weeks ago. Urine pregnancy test is negative. What does this person have?
Secondary Amenorrhea
What is the name of the hormone to test for positive pregnancy?
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Which structure produces progesterone after first trimester?