Head and Trunk (1).txt

• Origin: Superior 6 Ribs
• Insertion: Middle Cervical Vertebrae
• Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation of Upper Trunk

• Origin: Inferior 6 Ribs
• Insertion: Superior 6 Ribs
• Action: Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation of middle trunk

• Origin: Sacrum and Illium
• Insertion: Inferior 6 Ribs
• Action: Extension, Lateral Flexionn, Rotation of lower trunk

• Origin: Upper Thoraic
• Insertion: Base of Skull
• Action: Extends Head

• Origin: C6 AND C7
• Insertion: CS AND C3
• Action: Extends Neck

• Origin: T11-L2
• Insertion: Middle and upper thoraic
• Action: Extends middle and lower trunk

• Origin: T12-L1
• Insertion: Pubic Crest
• Action: Flexes trunk

• Origin: Illiac Crest
• Insertion: Upper Lumbar and 12th Rib
• Action: Trunk Lateral Flexion

• Origin: Pubic Crest
• Insertion: Lower Ribs
• Action: Flexes Trunk

• Origin: Ribs 5-12
• Insertion: Illiac Crest
• Action: Flexes and Rotates trunk

• Origin: Illiac Crest
• Insertion: Ribs 10-12
• Action: Flexes and Rotates trunk

Attach to Sternum

Attach to cartilage to Sternum

Do not attach to sternum

Opposite side of head or rib

Input Mech

Output Mech

Muslce tissue

Organ tissue

Input

Output

Action potential to CNS

Action potential away from CNs

Within CNS from one neuron to another, send info for function

2 or more dendrites 1 axon

1 dendrite 1 axon

0 dendrites 1 axon cant recieve

Myelin protects and insluatrs to prevent cross fire

Greater speed of transmission and atinulate faster response

Slower response time

Extends from foramen magnum to second lumbar vertebrae

Coordinate head and neck movement

Control trunk

Stimulate upper lef lower body organs

Lower leg lowest body organs

Basic functional unit and simplest portion capable of receieving stimulus.

Skin located in body

Takes info to interneuron

Determines responsd

Comes back

Muscle; creates response

Muscle contract in response to a stretching force applied to them

Prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons

Function to remove a body limb from a pain stinulus

Hot stove

Causes relaxarion of extensors muscles wheb flexor muslce contract

Loss balance and fall on something painful

Withdrawal reflex intitaited in lower limb when crossed extebsor reflex causes extension of opposite lower limb.

Walking down stairs stepping on tack

Connects brain to spinal cord

Regulates heart rate sneezing coughing swallowing hiccup

Sleep and respiratory center

Auditory pathway in CNS

involved in control of locomotion balance, posture, movement, muscle pulling on bones

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Epithalamus

• Largest part
• most sensory input
• influence mood

Controlling motor

Pineal gland may control sleep cycle as a backup

• Endocrine control
• muscle
• body temp
• food and water intake reg
• emotions
• regulation of sleep cycle

• Largest brain tissue
• right and left brained
• lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Outer surface

Center of Cerebrum

• protects brain from slidding and damaging
• provide nutrients & takes waste

• 15-20% of blood the heart pumps
• high metabolic rate
• receives blood through arteries

Excitatory, increase heart rate

Maintains functions, communicates with organs

In charge of functions when body is at rest- salivating, digestions, urinating, etc.

Olfactory, Sensory, smelling

Optic- sensory, sight

oculomotor-motor and para, moves eye

Trochlear-motor

Trigeminal- motor and sensory

Abducens-motor

Facial- motor, para,sensory

vestiblelocochlear- sensory

Glossophayngeal- motor, sensory, para

Vagles- motor, sensory, para

Accessory- motor

Hypoglossal-motor

Touch, press, temp, pain, propriception

internal organs and consits of pain and pressure

Smell, taste, sight, hearing and balance

compression, bending, stretching of cells

smell and taste, chemical composition

Temp

Light and vision

PAin

Associated with skin tissue, can also be any other receptors

associated with organs

• associated with tendons and joints
• (knowing where the body is)

Knowing where body parts are when the body is still?

Knowing where body part is when the body is moving

Have axons that conduct action potential: receive and responde to a stimulus

Have no axons and receptor potentials produced do not result in action potentials but cause release in neurotrans

• short term retention of sensory input
• -dont remember it

• Info retained for a few minutes or seconds
• -someone introducing themselves

retention of facts and emotions

developmental skills, bike ridding, driving a car

• -Gradual decline in sensory and motor
• -Size and weight of brain decreases
• -Reflexes slow
• -decreased short term memory in some people
• -long-term unaffected or improved

• Odorants bind to chemorecep molecules
• Depolarize and intiate action potentials in neurons
• low threshold for odor detection

detected by taste buds, receptors on hairs detect dissolved substances

Sour, salty, bitter, unami (meat) and sweet

Protect, filter sunlight

Protect, squint, close,

Filter out damaging and helps focus light

protect, liquid to lubricate eye

Lubrication

- create movement

Inner Eyelid

Tracts, Pathways

Light, afferent

Near sighted, recognize close objects

Far sighted, recognize far objects

degeneration of accomadation, cant focus on thingsm corrected by reading glasses

Cornea or lens not uniformly curved

Cross eyed- lack of parrallel light paths

can result in complete blindness

Increased pressure

Clouding of lens

loss in acute vision, loss in muscle strength

Dysfunction of peripheral circulation loss in eye function

terminates at eardrum, gets sounds

Hearing, auditory ossicles, equalization in pressure

hearing and balance, interconnecting fluid-filled tunnels and channels

• Pinna- elastic cartliage
• External auditory meatus
• lined with hairs and cerminous gland

Ear drum, vibrated by sounds

• Auditory or Eustachian tube
• opens into pharynx to equalize pressure
• ossicles, mallues, stapes, incus
• transmit vibrations

Separates middle from inner

• Bony
• cochlea- hearing, vesitbule- balance, semicircular canals- balance
• membranous

high or low sound is

Function of wave length

• Evaluates postition of head
• Detecr linear acceleration and deceleration

• Evaluates movements of head
• 3 semicircular canals

• -loss in detecting odors
• -decrease taste
• -eye lens lose flexibility
• -cataracts, etc
• -decline in visual acuity, color perception, possbile color blindness

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