Parental Fluids

concentration of a substance dissolved in water

same concentration as body fluids

solute concentration greater than that of body fluids

solute concentration less than that of boldy fluids

Extracellular fluid

• 1. 0.9% NaCl
• 2. Ringers Solution
• 3. Lactated Ringers
• 4. 5% dextrose in water ( is isotonic but become hypotonic when glucose is metabolized)

1. 0.45% NaCL

• 10-15% dextrose in water
• 3% NaCl
• Sodium bicarbonate 5%

• Total soluiton
• ___________= ml/hr
• hours to run

• Total volume x 15
• ______________= gtts/min
• Time in minutes

• Condition of vein
• Type of fluid/med to be infused
• Duration of therapy
• Clients age, size, status
• Skill of nurse

• 1. Explain, check ID
• 2. Distend vein 8-10' above site, tap on vessel or have pt open and close first, or hang arm over side of bed
• 3. Clean with alcohol swab/ inside to out
• 4. Repeat with povidine iodine
• 5. Hold skin taut to stabilize
• 6. Insert cath bevel up 15-20'
• 7. lessen angle to advance cath, watch for flashback
• 8. Once blood return/ push in extra 1/4" and then remove tourny
• 9. Withdraw need from cath, advance cath up to hub
• 10. secure cath
• 11. attach IV tube
• 12. begin IV infusion
• 13 check for infiltration and hematoma

• Edema
• Pain
• Coolness
• Significant decrease in flow rate
• Apply tourniquet above infusion site
• ; if it continues to flow it's infiltrated

• 1. D/C IV
• 2. Apply warm compresses to site
• 3. Apply sterile dressing
• 4. Elevate limb
• 5. Start new site proximal to infiltrate if same limb

• 1. red, warm at insertion site, or along the veing
• 2. tenderness
• 3. swelling

• 1. D/C IV
• 2. Apply warm moist compress
• 3. restart at new site

• 1. Pain
• 2. Swelling
• 3. Redness & warmth around insertion or along path of vein
• 4. Fever
• 5. Leukocytosis

• D/C IV
• Apply warm compress
• Elevate extremity
• Restart IV opposite extremity

• Ecchymosis
• immediate swelling at site
• leakage of blood at site

• D/C IV
• Apply pressure with sterile dressing
• Appy cool compress ( ice bag) for 24 hr to site/ followed by warm compress
• Restart on opposite extremity

• decreaed IV flow rate
• back flow of blood into IV tubing

• D/C IV
• Do not irrigate or milke the tubing
• Don not increase the IVe flow rate or hang the solution higher
• do not aspirate clot
• Urokinase may be injected into cath to clear occlusion

• Peripherally inserted central catheter
• Central venous access device

Venipuncture performed above or below anticubital fossa into basilic, cephalic, or axillary veins of dominant arm ( encourages blood flow and reduces risk of dependent edema)

6 months

• Malposition
• Pneumothorax
• Dysrhythmias
• Nerve or tendon damage
• Respiratory distress
• Catheter embolism
• Thrombophlebitis

change 2-3 times a week and when wet or nonocclusive

saline, meds , saline , hep 100 units

• draw blood from that extremity
• or take blood pressure