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What are the borders of the neck?
- Anterior border: manubrium of sternum
- Lateral border: first rib
- Posterior border: bodies of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
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How is the root of the neck operationally defined? What are its borders?
- The root of the neck is operationally defined asthe lower cervical and upper thoracic region.
- The root of the neck lies dorsal to themanubrium of the sternum and sternoclavicular joint (T2-T3)
- The root of the neck is ventral to the muscle of the prevertebral region and the upper thoracic vertebra
- The root of the neck is lateral to the visceral compartment of the neck
- The root of the neck is continuous with theposterior triangles on either side of the neck
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What major vessels are within the borders of the neck?
- Major veins: internal jugular, subclavian, and brachiocephalic
- Major arteries: subclavian and its branches
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What are the boney borders of the neck?
- Clavicle
- Sternoclavicular joint
- First rib
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Name and explain the parts of the clavicle.
- It has two curves that are concave anteriorly(medially) and posteriorly (laterally)
- It articulates the sternum at its medial end(steroclacicular joint) and it articulates the acromion at its lateral end(acromicoclavicular joint)
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What is the clavicle function?
It is a strut that holds the upper limb out away from the thorax which gives it more of a mechianical advantage and providesgreater range of motion. It is also the ONLY attachment of the upper limb tothe axioskeleton.
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What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
It is a synovial joint which is classified as a double gliding joint.
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What ligaments thicken the capsule of the steroclavicular joint?
- The anterior costoclavicular ligament
- Costoclavicular ligament
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What muscles are part of the prevertebral muscles? Where do they originate from and where do they insert?
- Longus colli muscles – they originate on either upper thoracic vertebrae or lower cervical vertebrae and insert onto same vertebrae but higher
- Longus capitis – they originate on the cervical vertebrae and insert onto the skull
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Anterior scalene
- Origin: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3 to C6
- Insertion: scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1
- Innervation: anterior rami of C4 to C7
- Function: elevation of rib 1
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Middle scalene
- Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae C2 toC7
- Insertion: upper surface of rib 1 posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery
- Innervation: anterior rami of C3 to C7
- Function: elevation of rib 1
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Posterior scalene
- Origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C4 to C6
- Insertion: upper surface of rib 2
- Innervation: anterior rami of C5 to C7
- Function: elevation of rib 2
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What are the branches of the aorta?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
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What are the paths of the vagus nerves?
- After leaving the skull, the vagus nerve runsdown the neck through the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery and theinternal jugular vein.
- The vagus nerve will have nerves branching off of it –pharyngeal nerves, superior laryngeal nerves, and the recurrent laryngealnerves – as it travels down. It will end by forming the cardiac plexusanteriorly or posteriorly to the trachea depending on the side of the body.
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What are the paths of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
- Left vagus nerve – runs down to the aorta and branches to form the left recurrent laryngeal nerve which loops around the aorta
- Right vagus nerve – runs down to the subclavainand branches to form the right recurrent laryngeal nerve which loops around theright subclavian artery
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What happens when the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged?
If the right recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes damaged, the patient will become hoarse.
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The subclavian artery is divided into three parts. What artery(ies) come off each branch?
- 1st part – three branches:Vertebral artery, Internal thoracic artery, Thyrocervical trunk [Inferior thyroid artery, Transverse cervical artery, Suprascapular artery]
- 2nd part – 1 branch: Costocervical trunk
- 3rd part – maybe 1 branch [if thereare no arteries off of this part, one can assume that the transverse cervical artery contains a superficial branch and deep branch]: Dorsal scapular artery
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Medial to lateral, what are the nerves that separate the subclavian artery and vein?
- [Medial to Lateral]: branches of the cervicalportion from the sympathetic trunk, vagus nerve, and phrenic nerve
- The anterior scalene also divides these twostructures from one another and inserts onto the first rib.
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What four structures are located within the carotid sheath?
- The carotid sheath contains three major blood vessel and a nerve: common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, internalcarotid artery, and vagus nerve
- The ansacervicalis sits on top of these large vessels.
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