-
What block has a prolonged PRI beyond 0.2 sec (200ms) and is termed as a conduction delay rather than a heart block?
1st Degree AV Block
-
What block has a progressive prolongation of PRI until QRS drops?
2nd Degree AV Block Type 1 (Wekenbach)
-
What block has intermitient dropped beats w/constant PRI and commonly progresses to 3rd Degree Block?
2nd Degree AV Block Type II (Classic)
-
What block has failure od depolarizations to pass from atria to the ventricles, and ventricles are paced independently from site below AV Node?
3rd Degree AV Block (Complete)
-
What type of pacemaker is used most commonly for AFib?
VVI
-
What type of pace maker has AV pacing w/no sensing?
DOO (Magnet Mode)
-
What type of pacemaker is AV sequential, non-Psynchronous pacing w/dual chamber sensing and dual chamber inhibition?
DDI
-
What type of pacemaker is dual sensing w/ventricular pacing and as 1 lead w/electrode w/ventricle and sensor in atrium?
VDD
-
What are the two benefits of AV pacing?
- Physiological timing of AV valve closure
- Improves Cardiac Output
-
How many positions are there for Permanent Pacemaker Codes?
5
-
What position refers to the chambers being paced?
Position I
-
What position refers to the chambers being sense?
Position II
-
What position refers to pacemaker response of sensing?
Position III
-
What position refers to programmability of rate modulation?
Position IV
-
What position, rarely used, refers to antitachyarrthmia funciont?
Position V
-
What is a closely spaced bipolar electrode can be positioned across the anterosuperor portion of septal tricuspid valve leaflet in close proximity HIS Bundle and indicated by H spike on EKG?
The HIS Bundle Electrogram
-
List indications of permanent pacing.
- Sick Sinus Syndrome
- Heart Block
- HIS Bundle Electrogram
- Alternating BBB
- Hypertensive Carotid sinus Syndrome
- Neurocardiogenic syncope (Vasovagul Syncope)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Special situations (Children w/CHD, Heart Transplants, Pause Dependent VTach)
- Post MI
-
List indication for temporary pacers.
- AV Block w/MI
- Right Heart Cath with LBBB
- Anti-Tachycardia Therapy
- Other Uses (Post cardiac surgery, bridge to permanent pacing, test for effiecny for permanent pacer)
-
What is a unit of charge that can be negative or positive?
Coulomb
-
What is the unit of an electrical current that moves at a rate of 1 coulomb/sec?
Amp
-
What is the unit of electrical pressure that causes current to flow?
Volt
-
What is the opposition to flow of current?
Resistance
-
What is the unit of Resistance?
Ohm
-
-
What is the fundamental unit of work or energy?
Joule (J = V * I * Time)
-
What is a unit of power or rate or work?
Watt (1 Watt = 1 J/sec)
-
What is the most commonly used battery that last 4 to 10 years?
Lithium anode battery (battery life does not equal pacemaker life)
-
What is the second most commonly used battery?
Lithium iodine battery
-
What battery is mostly used in AICD (Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibulator)?
Lithium vanadium battery
-
What are the advantages of Nuclear Powered battery?
Long life
-
What are the disadvantages of Nuclear Powered Battery?
- Not cost effective
- Radiation hazard
- Rarely used
-
Which battery can be externally charged?
Cadmium Nickel battery
-
What are the three styles of pacemaker leads?
- Transvenous
- Epicardial Screw in lead
- Atrial J Lead
-
What type of lead has two wires and current travels from negative terminal to the myocardium and back via positive lead?
Bipolar Lead
-
What type of lead has one wire and current travels to exposed tip (cathode) through myocardium and chestwall and back to metal wall of the pacemaker generator (anode)?
Unipolar Lead
-
What type of battery does a temporary pace maker use?
Standard 9 Volt battery
-
Define threshold.
A minium electrical stimulus required to cause muscle contraction
-
Define sensing.
All modern pacers are designed to sense patients intrinsic heart rate.
-
What term is used to describe the voltage is set high enough to stimulate the heart?
capture
-
What term is used to describe voltage gradually reduced until stimulation ceases?
Loss of capture
-
What term is used to describe voltage gradually increased until capture regained?
Threshold
-
What is the most commonly sensed cardiac event?
Depolorization of the ventricles
-
What are different types of permanent pacemaker programmibilty functions?
- rate
- pulse width
- voltage
- sensitivity circuit
- noise sensing
- refractory period
- hysteresis (Greek for to "lag behind"
-
What are different types of temporary pacemaker programmibility functions?
- Rate
- Energy Output
- Sensistivity
-
|
|