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Wilmot Proviso
- California, Utah and NM were closed to slavery forever
- -it devided the Congress (N-supported/ S- opposed)
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Southern dependance on slavery was..
economic
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Northerners vs. Southerners on WP
- N- supported proviso
- S- against it
-
secession
withdrawal from the Union
-
The main topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was:
slavery in the territories
-
Popular Sovereignty
people vote on the issue of slavery
-
According to the Dred Scott Decision slaves were viewed as:
property
-
Uncle Tom's Cabin
- novel that detailed the horrors of slavery
- - by Harriet Beecher Stowe
-
Border states
slave states that remained in the Union (MD, DE, MO, KY)
-
Compromise of 1850
-CA
-Utah/NM
-TX/NM
-DOC
- by Henry Clay; TERMS:
- - CA admitted as free state
- - Utah/NM -territories decide about slavery
- - TX/NM boudary dispute resolved; TX paid $10 million
- - District of Columbia- sale of slaves banned
-
Fugitive Slave Act
required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves
-
Kansas-Nebraska Act
turned the territories of Kansas and Nebraska into states
-
Lincoln's goal at the beginning of the Civil War:
to restore the Union- not free the slaves
-
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry..
further divides the nation
-
Southern advantages:
fighting a defensive war, better generals, motivation
-
John Brown
- radical abolitionist
- - raid on harpers ferry
-
turning point of the Civil War
Gettysburg
-
Fort Sumter
- SC fort that the union maintained control of after the secession of the South
- -Lincoln chose to hold the fort and attempted to resupply the men there with food
-
(Dis)/Advantages of ironclad ships
- -didn't burn
- -could withstand cannon fire
- -could splinter a wooden boat
- disadvantages: slow
-
Emancipation Proclamation
freed slaves only in the Confederate states, not the border states
-
Strategic Importance of vicksburg (civil war):
mississippi
-
Anaconda Plan
- -blockade south
- -capture mississippi- splitting south in two
- -capture the capital at richmond
-
total war
- war against the whole of the south, including the civilian population and southern resources
- ex: sherman's march to the sea
-
Gettysburg Address
speech given by Lincoln at gettysburg commemorating the battle
-
Sherman's March
- peformed by william t. sherman
- - designed to make the south sick of the war and surrender
-
Antietam historical significance
antietam was the single most bloody day in US history (total number of casualties)
-
first battle of the civil war
the battle of bull run
-
Robert E. Lee
captured John Brown at Harpers Ferry before the Civil War began; later became the commanding General of the Confederacy
-
"40 acres and a mule"
Sherman's plan to give land and resources to Freed Black Slaves in order for them to be self-sufficient
-
Appomattox Courth House
the site of Lee's surrender to Grant
-
John Wilkes Booth
assassinated Abraham lincoln
-
Thaddeus Stevens
leader of the Radical Republicans, Senator from PA
-
Radical Republicans
wanted to punish the south and Confederates after the Civil War
-
13th Amendment
abolished slavery
-
Lincoln's plan for reconstruction
- lenient for forgiving of the South
- (10% plan)
-
Tenure of Office Act
used to impeach Andrew Johnson, (Lincoln's successor)
-
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
presides over the impeachment hearing of a president
-
Amnesty Act
gave power back to Democrats and returned the right to vote
-
Andrew Johnson
tried int he Senate during his impeachment trial
-
Reconstruction Act of 1867
created 5 military zones in the south and abolished the governments created by the Confederate States
-
End to Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877
-
Home Rule (in the south)
when the fed. gov. stopped interfering within southern governments and allowed them to make their own decisions
-
Impeachment
to bring formal charges against the President
-
Sharecroppers
- blacks that had to rent land from whites,
- they would have to give a share of their crop yield with their landlords or former masters
-
Grandfather Clause
states in the South passed these stating that Blacks could only vote if their grandfather had the right to vote
-
William Lloyd Garrison
radical white abolitionist, editor, active in religious reform movements, believed in immediate emancipation- the freeing of slaves, with no payment to slaveholders
-
Frederick Douglass
born into slavery, escaped, lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Society, began newspaper- The North Star
-
President in 1864
President Lincoln
-
14th & 15th amendment
- 14th- civil rights
- 15th- right to vote
-
Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan:
- lenient policy,
- 10% plan- 1/10th take pledge/oath to US
-
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction Plan:
- -loyalty oath
- -no pardons to confed. officials who own property more than 20,000
- -state needed to abolish slavery before being readmitted
-
KKK
secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt restore white supremacy in Southern states after the Civil War.
-
tenant farming
a system in which farm workers supply their own tools and rent farmland for cash
-
sharecropping
a system in which landowners give farm workers land, seed, and tools in return for a part of the crops they raise
-
scalawag
a white southerner who joined the republican party after the civil war
-
carpetbagger
a northernor who moved to the south after the civil war
-
redemption
the southern democrats' term for their return to power in the south in the 1870's.
-
home rule
a state's powers of governing its citizens without federal government involvement
-
manifest destiny
the 19th century belief that the united states would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexian territory
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