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Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Buffer to maintain normal acidity levels in the blood and other fluids
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Cation
Positive electrolyte
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Chloride (Cl-)
Major anion found in fluids OUTSIDE cells and INSIDE blood
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Colloids
Proteins or large particles that stay suspended in blood; too large to cross membranes
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Crystalloids
IV solutions that contain electrolytes similar to plasma
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Edema
Presents of excess fluid and swelling in tissue and body spaces
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Electrolytes
Small, charged molecules essential for homeostasis and play a major role in body chemistry
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Extracellular fluid
Fluids outside cells, mainly consisting of plasma found in blood vessels
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Homeostasis
Contrant fluid and electrolyte balance maintained within the body. aa in ; aa out
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Hypernatremia
Excessive sodium levels
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Hyponutremia
Deficient sodium levels
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Hyperchloremia
Excessive chloride levels
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Hypochloremia
Deficient chloride levels
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Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium levels
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Hypokalemia
Deficient potassium levels
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Hypercalcemia
Excessive calcium levels
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Hypocalcemia
Deficient calcium levels
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Hypermagnesemia
Excessive magnesium levels
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Hypomegnesemia
Deficient magnesium levels
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Hypertonic
Higher osmolarity then serum
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Isotonic fluids
Close to the same osmolarity as serum
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Hypotonic
Less osmolarity then serum
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Osmolarity
Osmotic pressure of a solution. Expressed as osmoles or millimoles per litre of fluid. (mmol/L)
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Intracellular Fluids
Fluid inside cells
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Ions
Charged (- or +) particles
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mEq
Unit used to measure ionic charges or electrovalent bonds in a solution.
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Sodium (Na+)
Chief electrolyte OUTSIDE of cells
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Potassium (K+)
Major electrolyte INSIDE cells
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Magnesium (Mg2+)
Fourth most common electrolyte. Mostly found in bone.
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Calcium ( Ca2+)
Essential Cation Electrolyte
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Phosphorus (PO4-)
Essential Anion Electrolyte. Maintains membrane structure, energy storage and cell transport
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Compounds
- Formed when a cation and anion combine;
- (Na+) & (Cl-) = (NaCl)
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Loop Diuretics
Most potent diurectic. Stimulates kidney to eliminate excess water, sodium, potassium and calcium.
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Types of Loop Diuretics
- bumetanide - Burinex
- furosemide - Lasix
- torsemide
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Loop Diuretics Warning Labels
- Eat bananas and oj
- Dizziness
- Avoid prolonged sun
- Some OTCs can aggrivate
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Types of Electrolytes Replacements
- sodium chloride
- calcium carbonate
- calcium chloride
- potassium chloride
- potassium phosphate
- magnesium sulfate
- magnesium oxide
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Electro Replacement Warning Labels
- NaCl - full glass of H20
- Cal carb - cc and no iron
- CaCl - dont inject to IM
- KCl - w/ H20, whole, dil pwdr
- KPh and rest, monitor heart Low BP, respiratory depression, diarrhea
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Main IV Fluids
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
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