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Indirect object
Person 1 wa Person 2 ni (verb/noun) o verb.
- Mr. Smith wrote a letter to Mrs. Sasaki. = Sumisu-san wa Suzuki-san ni tegami o kakimasu.
- denwa o shimasu.
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I adjective in a Sentence
- A wa B desu. = A is B.
- A wa adj B desu.
- This pencil is red. = Kore wa akai enpitsu desu. =adj., noun
- This is Mandi's pencil. = Kore wa Mandi no enpitsu. =noun, noun
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I adjectives
- okii *end in i (ai,ii,oi,ui)
- chisaii *no particle needed
- akaii
- kuroi
- aoi
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Verb tenses
- Present=masu
- Past=mashita
- Present Negative=masen
- Past Negative=masendeshita
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Simple sentence
Person wa noun(direct object) o verb
- Shushi o tabemasu.
- Hon o yomimasu.
- Hirigana o kakimasu.
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when the sentence is combined with counter
- Ex. Teburu no ue ni ringo ga mittsu arimasu.
- otoko no hito ga futari arimasu.
- hagaki ga go-mai arimasu.
- onna no hito ga nan-nin imasu ka.
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Places located
- Where is the parking lot located?=Chushajo wa doko ni arimasu ka.
- Where is the parking lot?= Chushajo wa doko desu ka.
- The train station is in front of the police box.=Koban no ue ni eki ga arimasu.
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Location sentence form
Location ni NOUN ga arimasu
- -Teburu no ue ni kaban go arimasu.
- On top of the table there is a briefcase.
- -Teburu no ue ni nani mo arimasen.
- On top of the table there is nothing.
- -Uchi no naka ni dare mo imasen.
- In the house there is no one.
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Locations
- in front-mae
- behind-ushiro
- inside-naka
- next to-tonari
- nearby-chikaku
- below-shita
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particle yo
*put at the end of sentence to call attention or emphasize
-
What is it??
(noun)-tte nan desu ka??
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and (connector)
- A and B and C = A to B to C
- A and B and etc= A ya B
- ex: I have apples, bananas, and etc.
- Ringo ya banana ga arimasu.
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There is/There are
- animate=imasu
- inanimate=arimasu
Place ni x ga imasu/arimasu
- ex: There are students in school. = Gakko no gakusi ga imasu.
- What is in Naha? = Naha ni nani ga arimasu ka.
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floors
-kai/-gai
- 1-ikkai 6-rokkai
- 2-nikkai 7-nanakai
- 3-sankai 8-hachikai
- 4-yonkai 9-kyukkai
- 5-gokai 10-jyukkai
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ga, wa, to examples
- Who is Chelsea?= Dare ga Chelsea desu ka.
- Which bus is going?= Dono basu ga ikimasu ka.
- Who will come?= Dare ga kimasuka.
- Micheal-san to ikimasu. = I'm going with Michael.
- Michael-san to wa ikimasu.= i'm going with Michael, at least.
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ga changes to wa
and -to
- *when new information is introduced
- ga=subject marker for new info.
- wa=subject marker for info. that is already known
- to= with
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This, next, last
- next friday=next week of Friday= raishu no kinyobi
- last Monday=last week Monday= senshu no getsuyobi
- this Wednesday= Wed of this week= konshu no suiyobi
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relative time vs. specific time
- relative specific
- tomorrow on Thursday (mokuyobi ni)
- next month on the 12th of April
(no particle) (need particle ni)
-
By means of (particle de)
vehicle + de
- ex: I will go by airplane
- Watashi wa hikoki de ikimasu.
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Days 11th to 31st
- 11=juichi-nichi 16=juroku-nichi 21=nijuichi-nichi 26=nijuroku-nichi 31=sanjuichi-nichi
- 12=juni-nichi 17=jushichi-nichi 22=nijuni-nichi 27=nijjushichi-nichi
- 13=jusan-nichi 18=juhachi-nichi 23=nijusan-nichi 28=nijuhachi-nichi
- 14=jyu-yokka 19=juku-nichi 24=nijuyokka-nichi 29=nijuku-nichi
- 15=jogo-nichi 20=nijui-nichi 25=nijugo-nichi 30=sanju-nichi
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Days 1st to 10th
- 1=tsuitachi
- 2=futsuka
- 3=mikka
- 4=yokka
- 5=itsuka
- 6=muika
- 7=nanoka
- 8=yoka
- 9=kokonoka
- 10=toka
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Months
- Jan.= ichigatsu
- Feb.=nigatsu
- Mar.=sangatsu
- Apr.=shigatsu
- May=gogatsu
- June=rokugatsu
- July=shichigatsu
- Aug.=hachigatsu
- Sept.=kugatsu
- Oct.=jugatsu
- Nov.=juichigatsu
- Dec.=junigatsu
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Year
ex: 2010= nisen-ju-nen
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x kara y made
from x to y
ex: Getsuiyobi kara suiyobi made = from mon. to wed.
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