-
deltoid
- o: clavicle & scapula
- i: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- a: abduction at shoulder
-
o: clavicle & scapula
deltoid
-
i: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
deltoid
-
a: abduction at shoulder
deltoid
-
biceps branchii
- o: short head from coracoid process & long head from supraglenoid tubercle
- i: tuberosity of radius
- a: flexion @ shoulder & elbow; supination
-
o: short head from coracoid process & long head from supraglenoid tubercle
biceps branchii
-
i: tuberosity of radius
biceps branchii
-
a: flexion @ shoulder & elbow; supination
biceps branchii
-
brachialis
- o: anterior, distal surface of humerus
- i: tuberosity of ulna
- a: flexion at elbow
-
o: anterior, distal surface of humerus
brachialis
-
i: tuberosity of ulna
brachialis
-
a: flexion at elbow
brachialis
-
brachioradialis
- o: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- i: styloid process of radius
- a: flexion at elbow
-
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus
brachioradialis
-
i: styloid process of radius
brachioradialis
-
a: flexion at elbow
brachioradialis
-
triceps brachii
- o: superior, posterior & lateral margins of humerus & the scapula
- i: olecranon of ulna
- a: extension at elbow
-
o: superior, posterior & lateral margins of humerus & the scapula
triceps brachii
-
i: olecranon of ulna
triceps brachii
-
a: extension at elbow
triceps brachii
-
rectus femoris
- o: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior acetabular rim of ilium
- i: tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
- a: extension at knee, flexion at hip
-
o: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior acetabular rim of ilium
rectus femoris
-
i: tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
rectus femoris
-
a: extension at knee, flexion at hip
rectus femoris
-
gluteus maximus
- o: iliac crest of ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
- i: iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur
- a: extension & lateral rotation of hip
-
o: iliac crest of ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
gluteus maximus
-
i: iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur
gluteus maximus
-
a: extension & lateral rotation of hip
gluteus maximus
-
rectus femoris
- o: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior acetabular rim of ilium
- i: tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
- a: extension at knee, flexion at hip
-
i: tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
rectus femoris
-
o: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior acetabular rim of ilium
rectus femoris
-
a: extension at knee, flexion at hip
rectus femoris
-
Cardiac muscle cells establish a regular rate of contraction without any outside stimuli, this property is know as...
automaticity
-
automaticity
property of establishing a regular rate of contraction without any outside stimuli that cardiac muscle cells have
-
isotonic solution
does not cause net movement of water into or out of the cell. equilibrium exists.
-
hypotonic solution
- 1) water will flow into the cell
- 2) cell swells up like a balloon
- 3) cell may burst, or lyse
- (in red blood cells know as hemolysis)
-
hypertonic solution
- 1) water will flow out of the cell by osmosis
- 2) they shrivel up and dehydrate
- (shrinking of red blood cells crenation)
-
normal pH range of human body
7.35 - 7.45
-
what is the relationship between CO2 & H+
direct
-
if H+ increases what happens to pH
goes down... becomes more acidic
-
striated involuntary muscle
cardiac muscle
-
striated voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
-
what is the purpose of microvilli?
more surface area to absorb & expel
-
-
-
DNA make RNA makes
Protein
-
synaptic terminals
communicate
-
-
abduction
movement away from the midline
-
aduction
moving back toward the midline
-
pronation
movement palm facing up to palm facing back
-
supination
movement palm facing back to palm facing up
-
chronotropy
rate of heart contraction
-
rate of heart contraction
chronotropy
-
inotropy
force of heart contraction (BP)
-
force of heart contraction (BP)
inotropy
-
dromotropy
speed of conduction (how fast the action potential can travel & how quickly the cells repolarize)
-
speed of conduction (how fast the action potential can travel & how quickly the cells repolarize)
dromotropy
-
alpha 1
peripheral vasculature recptors
-
peripheral vasculature recptors
alpha 1
-
beta 1
cardiac muscle tissue receptor
-
cardiac muscle tissue receptor
beta 1
-
beta 2
lung receptor (smooth muscle)
-
lung receptor (smooth muscle)
beta 2
-
alpha 1 agonist will...
constrict
-
alpha 1 antagonist will...
dilate
-
beta 1 agonist will...
increase
-
beta 1 antagonist will...
decrease
-
beta 2 agonist will...
increase (dialate)
-
beta 2 antagonist will...
decrease (constriction)
-
parasympathetic
feed/breed
-
-
parasympathetic effect on heart
decrease
-
parasympathetic effect on lungs
decrease
-
beta blocker is a
beta antagonist
-
agonist
will do what ever a normal binding would do. (fight/flight dialate smooth muscle in lungs)
-
antagonist
- blocks the alpha 1 site
- will do opposite of whatever a normal binding would do. (fight/flight dialate peripheral blood vessels)
-
what does epinephrine do?
it agonizes the sympathetic ns and adds more weight to the sympathetic ns side so the scale tips torward the parasympathetic.
-
what would a parasympathetic antagonist do to the heart
it would allow the sympathetic ns to take over
-
a parasympathetic agonist / parasympathomimec drug do
mimec the parasympathetic ns
-
parasympathetic antagonist drug & what does it do?
heart beating slowly because their parasympathetic ns is over active give them atropine. it will block their parasympathetic ns to get their heart rate to increase.
-
-
-
-
-
inferior point of the tip of the heart
apex
-
apex
inferior point of the tip of the heart
-
superior rounded end of the heart
base
-
base
superior rounded end of the heart
-
small intestine includes
- 1) duodenum
- 2) jejunum
- 3) ileum
-
1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum
small intestine includes
-
four segments of the colon
- 1) acdending
- 2) descending
- 3) transverse
- 4) sigmoid
-
1) acdending
2) descending
3) transverse
4) sigmoid
four segments of the colon
-
Visceral (layer)
Portion of a serous membrane that covers a visceral organ.
-
Portion of a serous membrane that covers a visceral organ.
Visceral (layer)
-
Parietal (layer)
The opposing layer of the visceral layer that lines the inner surface of the body wall or chamber.
-
The opposing layer of the visceral layer that lines the inner surface of the body wall or chamber.
Parietal (layer)
-
The sodium potasium exchange pump maintains a gradient of sodium & potassium ions accross the cell membrane. _____ is more concentrated inside the cell & _____ is more concentrated outside the cell.
potasium, sodium
-
stroke volume (SV)
the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat
-
cardiac output (CO)
amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minuteCO = SV * HR
-
cardiac action potential steps
- 1) rapid depolarization
- 2) the plateau
- 3) repolarization
-
1) rapid depolarization
2) the plateau
3) repolarization
cardiac action potential steps
-
rapid depolarization
- cause: Na+ entry
- duration: 3-5msec
- ends w/: closure of voltage-regulated sodium channels
-
the plateau
- cause: Ca2+ entry
- duration: ~175msec
- ends w/: closure of calcium channels
-
repolarization
- cause: K+ loss
- duration: 75msec
- ends w/: closure of potasium channels
-
The sodium-potassium exchange pump maintains gradients by ejecting sodium ions & recapturing lost potassium ions. For each ATP molecule consumed, how many sodium ions are ejected and how many potassium ions are reclaimed by the cell?
3 sodium ions are rejected for every 2 potassium ions relaimed
-
parts of the large intestine
- 1) cecum
- 2) colon
- 3) rectum
-
1) cecum
2) colon
3) rectum
parts of the large intestine
-
The sodium potassium exchange pump maintains a gradient of sodium & postassium ions across the cell
membrane. What is more concentrated inside the cell?
Potasium
-
The sodium potassium exchange pump maintains a gradient of sodium & postassium ions across the cell
membrane. What is more concentrated outside the cell?
Sodium
-
acidosis
pH of blood falls below 7.35
-
alkalosis
pH of blood exceeds 7.48
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