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What are the functions of the ovary?
- Generate mature oocytes
- Produce steroid hormones
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Ovarian follicle
Oocyte surrounded by follicle/granulosa cells
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Describe follicle development stages
- Primordial follicles - oocyte and single follicular layer
- Growing follicle
- Vesicular follicle
- Mature follicle
- Corona Radiata detaches
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Describe ovulation
- Meiosis I completed, first polar body released
- Mature follicle ruptures - oocyte released
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What is an ovarian cyst?
Follicle which fails to rupture and not reabsorbed
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Describe the process of luteinization
Ovarian follicular cells and thecal cells form corpus luteum
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Hormones in the Follicular Phase
- Growth promoted by increasing LH, FSH
- Estrogen produced by granulosa cells - negative feedback to hypothalamus
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Hormones at Midcycle
- Estrogen peaks - shift to positive feedback causing GnRH surge, LH surge, FSH surge
- Stimulates ovulation
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Hormones in Luteal Phase
- FSH and LH levels drop
- Corpus leteum produces progesterone, estrogen and inhibin
- If no pregnancy - low ovarian hormones ceases inhibition of hypothalamus
- If pregnant - HCG maintains the corpus luteum
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What are the layers of the endometrium?
- Functional layer - shed
- Basal layer
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How do cervical secretions change during cycle?
- Copius, watery at mid-cycle - favor sperm transport
- Viscous during rest of cycle
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Nabothian cysts
blocked cervical glands
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Phases of the endometrium
- Proliferative Phase (5-14) - by estrogen
- Secretory Phase (15-28) - by progesterone
- Menstrual Phase (1-4) - by declining hormones
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Colostrum
- Initial secretion from mammary glands
- High in Vit A, Na, Cl, antibodies
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What are the components of the Placenta?
- Villi from conceptus
- Decidua from mother
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Elements of the Decidua
- Decidua capsularis - covers the conceptus
- Decidua basalis - underlies the conceptus
- Decidua parietalis - endometrium where conceptus did not implant
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Placental endocrine functions
- Prostaglandins - labor onset
- Progesterone, Estrogen - maintains pregnancy
- HCG - maintains corpus luteum
- Relaxin - loosening of pelvic joints
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