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a pressure of 720 mm hg equals what in torr and pascals?
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according to avagadro's law, 1L H2 and 1L O2 at the same temp and pressure have what in common?
same # of molecules
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when solutions of 2 ionic compounds are combined and a solid forms, what it called?
precipitate
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ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called what?
ionization
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name some weak electrolytes
HCl, CH3COOH
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electrolytes have a greater effect on freezing point depression than non-electrolytes because electrolytes
product solutions are more
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as electrolyte concentration decreases, freezing-point depression
increases
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name some binary acids
HF, HCl, HBr
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binary acids begin with what?
-hydro
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which acid is manufacture in the largest quantities?
sulfuric
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which acid turns yellow on standing?
nitric acid
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Arrhenius theorized that a base is a chemical compound that increases the concentration of _____ when dissolved in water
OH-
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A species that remains when an acid has lost a proton is a
conjugate base
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amphoteric compounds?
HSO
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possible reactants in a neutralization reaction?
OH-, H3O+, NaHCO3
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what symbol in a chemical equation indicates equilibrium?
K
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If a soluble product forms, the reaction may run to completion if what things happen?
gas bubbles, slightly ionized, precipitate
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adding a charged particle common to 2 solutes decreases solute concentration. what is this?
common ion effect
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ion-product constant for water?
10-14
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according to KMT, what makes particles move close to each other?
kinetic energy
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what assumption of the KMT is not true for non-ideal (real) gasses?
no forces between particles
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enthalpy of change is the
energy absorbed as heat
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enthalpy of a solid is more or less than that of a liquid?
less
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what is the symbol for entropy?
S
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name substances with high entropy?
gasses, steam
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symbol for free-energy change?
G
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in (triangle)G calculations, temp is expressed in what?
KJ/K
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most steps in a reaction mechanism are complex or not?
not
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is energy released or absorbed?
bond break
bond form
absorb
release
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term with same numerical value for forward reaction and reverse?
E
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how do products, reactants, and activation energy relate in an endothermic reaction
activation > products > reactants
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changing a gas's pressure is another way of changing its
concentration
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rate laws relate which 2 ideas?
concentration of reactants and reaction rate
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the slowest step is the
rate determining step
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compounds with uniform arrangement?
homogeneuos
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heterogeneous mixtures contain how many substances and how are they distinguishable?
2 or more, visibly different
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substances whose water solutions conduct electricity easily do what in water?
ionize
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name a solvent for polar and nonpolar
- polar - H20
- nonpolar - nonionic something
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increasing temp favors dissolution when enthalpy of solution is
positive
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expression that show PH of a solutoin?
-Log(H30+)
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to calculate the pH of a substance whose [HO-] is known, you must 1st calculate
pOH
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in acid-base titration, equivalent quantities of hydrominium ions and hydroxide ions are present at what point in the titration?
endpoint
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