Intro Pharm Ch 2

before meals (ante cibum)

sample time: 7:30 am, 11:30 am, 4:40 pm

after meals (post cibum)

sample: 10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm

every day

DO NOT USE : q.d. or qd

twice a day (bis in die)

sample: 10am & 6 pm

three times a day (ter in die)

sample: 10 am, 2, pm, 6 pm

four times a day (quater in die)

sample: 10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm, 10 pm

every hour (quaque hora)

drug will be given 24 times in one day

at bedtime, hour of sleep

DO NOT USE: hs or h.s.

every night (quaque nocte)

immediately - now (statim)

every 2 hours

drug will be given 12 times in 24 hour period

every 4 hours

drug will be given 6 times in 24 hours

every 6 hours

drug will be given 4 times in 24 hours

every 8 hours

drug will be given 3 times in 24 hours

every 12 hours

drug will be given twice in 24 hours

every other day (nurse writes odd/ even days of month)

DO NOT USE: qod or q.o.d. (quaque otra die)

as needed

• usually combined with a time abbreviation
• q4h prn (every 4 hours at needed)

• Abbreviations has 3 administraiton implacations:
• 1. nurse must wait for given time to elapse (4 hours) before giving the next dose.

2. Once time has elapsed, dose may be given at any time

3. sample times not given because nurse does not know when the patient will need the drug

three times per week

sample: 10 am on monday, wednesday, friday

DO NOT USE: tiw or t.i.w. (ter in vicis)

twice per week (bis in vicis)

do not confuse with bid (twice per day)

write out

DO NOT USE : AD (aures dextra)

write out

DO NOT USE: AL (aures laeva)

Write out

DO NOT USE: AU (aures utrae)

Hand-held nebulizer

medication is placed in a device that produces a fine spray for inhalation

Intramuscularly

Injection is given at a 90^o angle into a muscle

Intravenously

The injection is given into a vein

Intravenous push

Medication is injected directly in a vein

Intravenous piggyback

Medication prepared in a small volume of fluid is attached to an IV (which is already infusing fluid into a patient's vein) at specified times.

Metered-dose inhaler

An aerosol device delivers medication by inhalation

Nebulizer

Medication is placed in a device that produces a fine spray for inhalations

Nasogastric tube

Medication is placed in the stomach through a tube in the nose.

Write out

DO NOT USE: OD (oculus dextra)

write out

DO NOT USE: OS (oculus sinister)

write out

DO NOT USE: OU (oculi utrique)

By mouth (per os)

In the rectum (per rectum)

Subcutaneously

The injection is usually given at a 45^o angle into subcutaneous tissue

Sublingual, under the tongue (sub lingua)

Swish & Swallow

By using toungue and cheek muscles, the patient coats his/ her mouth with a liquid medication

Cubic centimeter

• measure of volume for gases or liquids
• one cc= 16 drops from a medicine dropper

1 cc = 1 mL

DO NOT USE: Substitute mL

gram

• measure of weight for solids
• (one gram is approximately equil to the weight of two paper clips)

• Kilogram
• measure of weight
• 1 kg = 2.2 lbs

liter

• measure of liquid
• one liter is a little more than a quart

Microgram

• Measure of weight
• 1000 mcg = 1 mg

Milliequivalent

no eqivalent necessary - drugs are prepared and ordered in this weight measure

Milligram

measure of weight

1000 mg = 1 g

milliliter

• measure of volume - liquid measure
• interchageable with cc

1mL = 1 cc

Unit

measure of biologic activity - nurses do not calculate this measure

DO NOT USE: U

ex: penicillin potassium 300,000 units

Minim - Apothecary - in minimal use

• m= one drop
• 1 cc = 16 m (minims)

Dram - Apothecary - in minimal use

liquid measure

1 dr = 4 mL

• Grain - Apothecary - in minimal use
• best to write out grain (gr could be confused with g or gm)

granum - solid measure - based on weight of a grain of wheat

• 60 mg = 1 gr (generally accepted)
• 65 mg = 1 gr acetaminophen & aspirin

Drop (guttae) - Apothecary - in minimal use

liquid measure based on drop of water

1 gtt = 1 m

usually used for eye medications

indicated "one" in roman numerals

Pint - household measure

• 1 pt = 500 mL
• 2 pt = 1 qt
• 1 qt = 1 L = 1000 mL

quart - household measure

• 1 qt = 1 L = 1000 mL
• 1/2 qt = 1 pt = 500 mL

tablespoon - household measure

1 tbsp = 15 mL

teaspoon - household measure

1 tsp = 5 mL

Ounce - household measure

1 oz = 30 mL

• 6 tsp= 1 oz = 30 mL
• 3 tsp = 1/2 oz = 15 mL
• 2 tbs = 1 oz = 30 mL = 6 tsp

Capsule

Medication is encased in a gelatin shell

Controlled release

drug is in a form that allow extended action - drug is given less frequently

Long Action

drug is in a form that allow extended action - drug is given less frequently

Sustained action

drug is in a form that allow extended action - drug is given less frequently

Slow release

drug is in a form that allow extended action - drug is given less frequently

Double strength

drug is in a form that allow extended action - drug is given less frequently

Enteric coated

tablet is coated with a substance that will not dissolve in the acid secretions of the stomach - it dissolves in the alkaline secretions of the intestines

Elixir

a drug is dissolved in a hydroalcoholic sweet base

Solution

drug is contained in a clear liquid preparation

spirit

alcoholic solution of a volatile substance (spirit of ammonia)

Suppository

solid, cylindrically shaped drug that can be inserted into a body opening (rectum, vagina)

Suspension

small particles of drug are dispersed ina liquid base that must be shaken before being poured

gels and magmas are also suspensions

syrup

sugar is dissolved in a liquid medicaiton and flavored to disguise the taste

Tablet

medication is compressed or moulded into a solid form - additional ingredients are used to shape and color the tablet

tincture

liquid alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of a drug

Ointment

semisolid drug preparation that is applied to the skin (external use only)

Keep vein open

• nurse is to continue infusing this fluid
• (1000 mL dextrose 5% in water IV KVO)

To keep open

write out

DO NOT USE: D/C

No known alltergies

inportant assessment that is noted in the medication record of the patient

No known drug allergies

This is an important assessment that is noted on the medication record of a patient