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Organic compounds
One whose molecules contain carbon in the form of chains or rings
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Inorganic compound
Does not contain carbon arranged in chains or rings
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Monomers
chains of smaller molecules that make up the 4 organic compounds
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Polymers
Monomers put together and formed by dehydration synthesis
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Dehydration synthesis
The loss of a water molecule between each pair of monomers
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Test for organic compounds
- If the compound turns black after heated over a flame, then the compound is organic.
- Sugar and meat are organic
- Table salt and baking soda are inorganic
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Disaccharides
Sugars that consist of 2 monosaccharides linked together
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Reducing sugars
- when mono. and di. have the ability to add electrons to reduce other molecules
- Have free carbonyl groups in close proximity to hydroxyl groups
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The reducing sugar test
Mixed the test material with 2 ml of benedict's reagent. When heated, if the material stays blue, it does not have a reducing sugar in it. If it turns any other color, then it has reducing sugar.
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Starch
A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules linked together
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The starch test
Mix the test material and 5 drops of Iodine. If the test turns black, then it has starch in it. If the test turns brown, it does not have starch
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Lipids
- Oily or waxy compounds
- Generally insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents
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Tryglycerides
3 fatty acids and one glycerol
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Sudan stain test for lipids
- Mix veg oil and water...they don't miz (emulsion)
- Add sudan stain, and it merges the oil and water together
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Greasy spot test for lipids
Oil and sucrose of a piece of paper...one disappears, and one remains
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Amino acids
What polymers are made up of with protein
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Biuret test for protein
Miz test material and biuret reagent. If mixture turns violet, there is protein. If mixture turns blue, there is no protein
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