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A broad flat tendon that attaches muscle to another muscle is called an aponeurosis. (T/F)
True
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Adduction means moving the limb away from the median plane. (T/F)
False
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Extension involves a decrease in the angle between two bones. (T/F)
False
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Magnesium is the key electrolyte required for both in muscle contraction and relaxation. (T/F)
False
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Organophospahte poisoning causes muscle spasms because it enhances the action of acetylocholinesterase. The antidote is Calcium.(T/F)
False
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Sodium is the key electrolyte involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. (T/F)
False
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The insertion of the muscle is
attachment of the muscle to the bone at the most mobile end of the bone
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A flexor muscle does which of the following?
Decreases the angle of a joint
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An extensor muscle does which of the following?
Increases the angle of a joint
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An adductor muscle does which of the following?
Moves the muscle toward the midline of the body
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A rotator muscle does which of the following?
Moves a limb or structure about a point
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An abductor muscle does which of the following?
Moves the muscle away from the midline of the body
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The midventral aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles is called the
Linea alba
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Which type of muscle is involuntary, striated and has intercalated disks?
Cardiac
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Which type of muscle is voluntary and multinucleated?
Skeletal
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Which type of muscle is involuntary, non-striated and had a centralized single nucleus in spindle-shaped cells?
Smooth
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Which type of muscle requires direct nerve stimulation?
Skeletal
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The muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity is the
Diaphragm
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The origin of the muscle is the
Attachment of the muscle to the bone at the least mobile end of the bone
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The two types of muscle that do not require direct nerve stimulation to function are
Cardiac and Smooth
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The uterus is an example of
Smooth muscle
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When giving an injection into the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles we must be careful to avoid the
Sciatic nerve
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What occurs when skeletal muscles are not used or the nerve supply is lost?
Atrophy
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Which vitamin deficiency may lead to white muscle disease?
Vitamin E
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Which mineral deficiency may lead to white muscle disease?
Selenium
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Which of the following is commonly associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis?
- Stiff gait
- Dark red colored urine
- Excessive exercise
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In which disease would you see myoglobinuria?
Exertional rhabdomyolysis
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Which of the following is true about White Muscle Disease?
It primarily affects calves and lambs
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A blood chemistry test used to assess muscle damage is
CK
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A common site for IM injections in the rear limb of the horse is the
Semimembranosus
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Which IM injection site should be used only as a last resort in the equine due to the increased risk of developing non-draining abscesses?
Pectoral
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A ligament attaches
bone to bone
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Rigor mortis is caused by
Lack of ATP to pump the calcium back into the tubules
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Which muscle(s) is/are affected by the disease Masticatory Myositis?
Temporal and Masseter
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Which type of tissue attaches muscle to bone?
Tendons
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Of the following, which drug is most effective agains severe musculoskeletal pain?
Fentanyl
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Which drug is a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist?
Butorphanol
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Of the following, which drug is a pure narcotic antagonist?
Naloxone
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Which drug is commonly used as a muscle relaxant?
Methocarbamol
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What are commom side-effects of most NSAID's?
Bleeding & GI upset
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What are common side-effects of most opioids?
Vomiting
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What are common side-effects of most corticosteroids?
PU/PD
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Which of the following is an important use for corticosteroids?
- Treating inflammation
- Controlling pruritus
- Suppressing immune reactions
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On Figure 1 of the canine, what is the muscle identified by the label A?
Gluteals
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On Figure 2 of the equine, what is the muscle identified by the label C?
Gastrocnemius
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On Figure 1 of the canine, what is the muscle identified by the label D?
Triceps
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On Figure 2 of the horse, what is the muscle identified by the label A?
Masseter
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On Figure 2 of the horse, what is the muscle identified by the label B?
Pectoral
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On Figure 2 of the horse, what is the muscle identified by the label E?
Abdominal Obliques
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On Figure 2 of the horse, what is the muscle identified by the label D?
Semimembranosus
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