A nonliving particle made up of nucleic acid and a protein coat or nucleic acid and a lipid-protein coat
Capsid
A protein coat
Envelope
Bilipid membrane that surrounds the capsid
Provirus
Inserted viral DNA
Retroviruses
Contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase in addition to RNA
Reverse Transcriptase
Uses RNA as a template to make DNA, which then inserts into the host cell's genome
Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria
Lytic Cycle
A virus that invades a host cell, produces new viruses, and ruptures the host cell when releasing newly formed viruses
Virulent
Viruses that reproduce only by the lytic cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Allows viruses to hide in their host cell for days, months, or years
Temperate Virus
A virus whose replication includes the lysogenic cycle
Prophage
Phage DNA that is integrated into a specific site of the host cell's chromosome
Vector
An intermediate host that transfers a pathogen or a parasite to another organism
Protease Inhibitors
Class of drugs that block the synthesis of new viral capsids
Oncogenes
Genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell reproduction
Proto-Oncogene
Controls cell growth
Emerging Diseases
Illnesses caused by new or reappearing infectious agents that typically exist in animal populations-often in isolated habitats-and can infect humans who interact with these animals
Inactivated Virus
Not able to replicate in a host
Attenuated Virus
A weakened form of the virus that cannot cause disease
Viroids
The smallest known particles that are able to replicate
Prions
Infectious protein particles that do not have a genome