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DIPHENHYDRAMINE
- (Benadryl)/Antihistamine
- Des: blocks histamine release, there by 1)reducing bronchoconstriction 2)vasodilatation 3)edema
- Ind: 1)anaphylaxis 2)allergic reactions 3)dystonic reactions
- CI: asthma and other lower respiratory diseases
- PC: may induce 1)hypotension 2)headache 3)palpitations 4)tachycardia 5)sedation 6)drowsiness 7)disturbed coordination
- Dose: 25-50mg IV/IM
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LORAZEPAM
- (Ativan)/Sedative
- Des: most potent benzodiazepine available. has strong 1)antianxiety 2)sedative 3)hypnotic 4)skeletal muscle relaxant properties 5)relatively short half-life
- Ind: sedation for cardioversion and status epilepticus
- CI: sensitivity to benzodiazepines
- PC: 1)narrow-angle glaucoma 2)depression 3)psychosis 4)coma 5)shock 6)acute alcohol intoxication 7)renal or hepatic impairment 8)organic brain syndrome 9)myasthenia gravis 10)GI disorders 11)elderly 12)debilitated 13)limited pulmonary reserve
- Dose:
- Sedation: 2-4 mg IM, 0.5-2.0mg IV Ped: 0.03-0.5mg/kg IV/IM/PR up to 4mg
- Status Epilepticus: 2mg slow IV/PR (2mg/min) Ped: 0.1 mg/kg slow IV/PR (2-5min)
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METOCLOPRAMIDE
- (Reglan)/Antiemetic
- Des: dopamine antagonist similar to procainamide but with few antidysrhythmic or anesthetic properties. antiemetic properties
- from rapid gastric emptying and desensitization of the vomiting reflex.
- Ind: nausea & vomiting
- CI: 1)hypersensitivity 2)allergy to sulfite agents 3)seizure disorders 4)pheochromocytoma 5)mechanical GI obstruction or perforation 6)breast cancer
- PC: 1)CHF 2)hypokalemia 3)renal impairment 4)GI hemorrhage 5)intermittent porphyria
- Dose: 10-20mg IM; 10mg slow IV (over 1-2 min). Ped: 1-2mg/kg/dose
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ZOFRAN
- (Zofran)/Antiemetic
- Des: selective blocking agent of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor type
- Ind: prevention of nausea & intractible vomiting
- CI: None
- PC: may mask a progressive ileus &/or gastric distension
- Dose: 4mg IV or single 24-mg tablet PO
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CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
- (Librium)/Sedative, Hypnotic
- Des: benzodiazepine derivative that produces 1)mild sedation 2)anticonvulsant 3)skeletal muscle relaxant 4)prolonged hypnotic effects
- Ind: 1)severe anxiety & tension 2)acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (DTs)
- CI: 1)hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines 2)pregnant and nursing mothers 3)children under 6
- PC: 1)primary depressive disorders or psychoses 2)acute alcohol intoxication
- Dose: 50-100mg IV/IM
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