Bar 5

• Lien that:
• 1) Exists on all present real estate holding, AND
• 2) Floats onto all hereafter acquired real estate holdings.

• To obtain an exception to zoning ordinance, proponent must show:
• 1) Undue hardship not self-imposed, AND
• 2) Variance won't decrease neighboring property value.

• Amentities that gov't seeks in exchange for permission to build
• To pass Constitutional scrutiny, exactions must be reasonably related in nature and scope to impact of proposed development.

• Once lawful, existing use now deemed nonconcorming by a new zoning ordinance
• Use cannot be eliminated all at once unless just compensation is paid, otherwise, it could be an unconstituional taking.

• Grantor has Possibility of Reverter, where estate automatically terminates on occurence of stated event and goes back to grantor
• Eg: "so long as," "during," "while," "until"

• Grantor has Right of Re-Entry, which allows grantor to exercise power of termination
• Eg: "upon condition that," "provided that," "but if," if it happens that"

• 3rd Party has Executory Interest, where estate automatically divested in favor of the 3rd party
• RAP applies

• Void future interest if it may vest >21 years after the death of a measuring life.
• Applies only to:
• 1) Contingent Remainders
• 2) Executory Interests
• 3) Vested Remainders Subject to Open
• 4) Powers of Appointment
• 5) Rights of First Refusal
• If Void, grantor or heirs may have reversion or possibility of reverter.

• Under CL, L has no duty to make premises safe, except for:
• 1) Common areas
• 2) Latent Defects
• 3) Assumption of repairs
• 4) Public use
• 5) Short term lease of Furnished dwelling

• Form of Breach of the Implied Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment
• Elements:
• 1) Substantial Interference
• 2) Notice
• 3) Good-Bye; T must vacate within a reasonable time after L fails to fix problem

• 1) Duty to Deliver Possession
• 2) Implied Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment
• 3) Implied Warranty of Inhabitability

• 1) Liability to 3rd Parties
• 2) Duty to Repair
• 3) Duty to pay Rent

Mortgagor must may off mortgage upon sale, otherwise, property can be foreclosed, mortgage can stay on property, but Mortgagee cannot hold buyer personally liable.

Universally, borrower has the right to redeem land before the foreclosure sale.

In half the states, borrower may redeem for a fixed period after the foreclosure sale.

• Life tenant must not consume or exploit natural resources on the prop, UNLESS: (PURGE)
• 1) Prior Use - land was used in exploitation prior to grant
• 2) Repairs - consume natural resources for reasonable repairs and maintenance
• 3) Grant - right to exploit was granted
• 4) Exploitation - land is suitable only to exploit

Life Tenant must maintain the premises in reasonably good repair.

At CL, a contingent remainder is destroyed if it was still contingent at the time the preceding estate ended.

• Historically, the present and future interests merges, creating a free simple absolute.
• Today, merger creates a life estate.
• Eg. O conveys "To A for life, the on A's death, to A's heirs." A is alive.
• Rule of law, not construction.

Subsequent BFP of a prior conveyance prevail over the prior transferee, regardless of whether the BFP records.

• Each riparian owner has reasonable use of the water.
• Downstream owners cannot enjoin resonable use by an upstream owner UNLESS it substantially interferes with the downstream owner's comparable use.
• Natural uses (domestic, lmt'd grazing) trump artificial uses (irrigation, manufacturing).

• Possession - same rights to enjoyment
• Interest - same type and duration
• Time - vested at the same time
• Title - same instrument

• Title reasonably free from doubt:
• 1) No defects in chain of title
• 2) No mortgages, liens, easements and covenants, unless Buyer waives
• 2) No existing violations of zoning ordinances

The contract merges with the deed at closing and Seller is no longer liable on the implied contractual warranty of marketabile title

Prevails over prior recorded mortgage on land as long as as fixture interest is recorded within 20 days after affixing.

• 1) Class opens when property is transferred from grantor
• 2) Class closes when any member of class has present posessory interest
• 3) Child in gestation at time class closes, child is included in class

Exists when original covenanting parties shared some interest in the land independant of the covenant.

• Exists when susccessor in interest hold the entire durational interest held by the covenanting party.
• No vertical privity exists with eg, subleases, life estates

• Negative covenants or equitable servitudes will be implied if:
• 1) Common Scheme for development, AND
• 2) Notice of the covenant (Actual, Inquiry, Record)
• Can only be Negative, not Affirmative

• Easements created by implication reqs:
• 1) Previous use was apparent, AND
• 2) Parties expected use would continue because it is reasonably necessary to dominant tenemant's use and enjoyment.