Bio Exam 1.txt

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what does volume determine in the cell?

chemical activity in the cell per unit time
what does surface area determine in the cell?

amount of substances that can pass the cell boundary per unit time
pili

fur like structure on prokaryotes that help them adhere to one another
golgi apparatus
- receives proteins from RER
- concentrates, packages and sorts them
- in plants- polysaccharides for cell walls synthesized in golgi
vacuoles
- only in plant cells and some protists
- store waste products and toxic compounds
- provide structure for plant cells
- water enters by osmosis creates turgor pressure
cytoskeleton components
- microtubules
- microfilaments-actin
- intermediate filaments
cocci

spherical prokaryote shape
bacilli

rod prokaryote shape
helix

spiral or helical prokaryote shape
spirochetes
- type of prokaryote
- gram negative
- motile
- chemoheterotroph
- unique axial filaments (flagella) that rotate
- human parasites: syphils, lyme disease
- others free living
chlamydias
- type of prokaryote
- small
- gram negative cocci
- parasites in cells of other organisms
- STDs and pnuemonia
high-gc gram positives
- type of prokaryote
- more G-C pairs than A-T pairs in DNA
- elaborate branching filaments
- reproduce by spores at the tips of filaments
- most antibiotics from this group
low-GC gram positives
- type of prokaryote
- produce tough endospores for harsh conditions
- smallest free living cells
- mycoplasms with no cell wall
cyanobacteria
- type of prokaryote
- photoautotroph with chlorophyll
- fix nitrogen
- create eukaryote chloroplasts
- nitrogen fixation
proteobacteria
- type of prokaryote
- largest group with large diversity of metabolic phenotypes
- common ancestor was photoautotrophic
- nitrogen fixing genera
- e. coli
archaea
- type of prokaryote
- extreme environments
- also in common environments
- lack peptidoglycan in cell wall
- distinctive lipids in cell membranes
crenarcheota
- type of prokaryote
- type of archea
- thermophilic
- acidophilic
euryarcheota
- type of prokaryote
- type of archea
- methanogens-produce methane from CO2
- obligate anaerobes
- live in guts of grazing animals, temites and cockroaches

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cjharmon311

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Bio Exam 1.txt

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Bio Exam 1

Updated

2011-06-09T06:17:34Z

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