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What does Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) test for?
Neural tube defects
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Stress-test
- Measures fetal reaction to uterine contractions.
- Neg = good
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At how many weeks is sex of fetus distinguishable?
9-12 weeks
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Ductus Venosus
- *Blood bypasses liver
- connects umbilical vein to inf. vena cava
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Umbilical Vein
- Carries oxygenated blood
- Transports blood from placenta to the fetus
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Hegar's sign
- *Softening of isthmus of uterus
- Physiologic change during pregnancy
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Generally when does appetite increase in pregnancy
After 1st trimester
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Nagele's Rule (and how to calculate)
- Used to calculate due-date
- 1st day of LMP-add 7 days and count back 3 months
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What is detected in urine of pregnant woman?
HCG
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What are 4 positive signs of pregnancy
- Fetal heart tones
- X-ray
- Ultrasound
- Palpation of fetal parts (head, feet, hands)
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Why is obtaining medical hx important?
- Discover bad habits (drug, alcohol use/abuse)
- Est # of pregnancies (Gravida) and live births (para)
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What is the most effective way to diagnose PIH
BP complication
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Foods high in Iron
- Liver
- Kidney Beans
- Green leafy veggies
- Eggs & tofu
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Incomplete abortion
- Loss of fetus
- Placenta remains inside
- Usually need D&C
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Placenta Previa *s/s
- Abnormal implantation of normal placenta
- *Painless uterine bleeding
- *Scanty to severe bright red (3rd trimester)
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- A clotting/bleeding disorder
- *Cause unknown but often occures with abruptio placenta (premature sep. of implanted placenta), missed abortion
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Eclampsia
Preeclampsia plus convulsions
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Mag Sulfate
- Antihypertensive
- *Do not give if DTR (deep tendon reflexes) absent
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Effects of Syphilis on fetus
- Rhagades (cracks) of the corners of mouth and anus
- Snuffles (obstruct nasal breathing)
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Gravida & Para
- Gravida- Number or pregnancies
- Para- Number of live births
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# of Mg in grain
60mg per grain
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Grains in a gram
gr 15 = 1g
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gtts per mL
- generally 15gtts = 1 mL
- Dependent on drop factor of tubing
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mcg per mg
1000 mcg = 1 mg
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Drop factor in relation to IV tubing
- Number of gtts per mL
- 10 gtts/ml or cc, 15, 60
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