microbiology

first developed in the 20th century. prior to their development, one child in 3 was expected to die of an infectious deisease before the age of 5.

the goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy is

the greatest numbers of antibiotics are derived from the bacteria in the genera:

mechanisms of drug action:

drugs that target cell wall synthesis cause:

antimicrobial drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis include:

antimicrobial drugs that block prothein synthesis usually react with:

antimicrobials against these types of cells are selective because the structure of the ribosomes differs from that in bacteria cells

this target the 30S subunit, leading to abnormal proteins

this block the attachment of tRNA and effectively stop further protein synthesis

antimicrobial drugs that disrupt cell membrane function by interacting with this and distorting the cell surface and causing leakage of proteins and nitrogen bases

drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis do so by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme in a process known as

sulfonamides and trimethoprim have this effect on folic acid synthesis in bacteria

this group of antibiotics is a large diverse group of compounds that includes the natural form G and V

these type of drugs derived from penicillin include ampicillin, carbenicllin and amoxicillin

many bacteria produce enzymes such as penicillinases or beta-lactamases that are capable of destroying this

this group of drugs were first isolated from the mold Cephalosporium acremonium.

cephalosporin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that are resistant to most penicillinases which

this is a beta-lactam antibiotic which is a broad-spectrum drug that can be used for infections with aerobic and anaerobic pathogens

drugs that target cell wall include:

drugs that target protein synthesis:

this group of drugs blocks protein synthesis and bind to ribosomes, which make it a broad-spectrum antibiotic (treats RMSF, Mycoplasma pna and cholera)

this group drug targets protein synthesis and can cause aplastic anemia

this group of drugs target protein synthesis and are macrolide antibiotics

this is a combined antibiotic that is effective against Staphylococcus and Enterococcus

this antibiotic is used to treat infections caused by MRSA and VRE

these antibacterial drugs target folic acid synthesis

antibacterial drugs that targe DNA and RNA include the fluoroquinolones:

these are antibacterial drugs that targe cell membranes which are produced by Bacillus plymyxa and have a tendency to be toxic

agents used to treat fungal infections include the Polyenes as:

antimalarial drugs are based on these and include choloquine and primaquine

antihelminthic drug therapy includes these drugs which are broad-spectrum antiparasitic drugs used in several roundworm intestinal infestations

antiviral chemotherapeutic drugs target virus:

antiviral chemotherapeutic drugs blocks the transcription and translation of viral molecules and preventing this:

Prevents the attachment of HIV to its cellular receptor

this drug blocks DNA synthesis in the herpes viruses

these inhibitors include AZT which incorporates itself into the growing DNA chain of HIV and terminates synthesis

drug resistance can develop in bacter after either:

specific mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria include:

side effects of drugs includes: