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A 60-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by:
Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
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In general, atherosclerosis is triggered by
Endothelial injury and inflammation
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Foam cells in a fatty streak are
Macrophages that engulf LDL
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Macrophages that engulf LDL.
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Normal blood pressure for adults age 18 or older is
Systolic pressure less than 120mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80mm Hg
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Most cases of combined systolic and diastolic hypertension have no known cause and are diagnosed as _____ hypertension.
Primary
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Orthostatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure with
Standing up
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A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience?
Syncope and fainting
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Acute orthostatic hypotension can be caused by
drug action
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A 52 year old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She would be expected to suffer from myocardial
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She
would be expected to suffer from myocardial
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She
would be expected to suffer from myocardial
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She
would be expected to suffer from myocardial
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She
would be expected to suffer from myocardial
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. She
would be expected to suffer from myocardial
Ischemia
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A 56 year old male is diagnosed with coronary heart disease.What modifiable risk factor would most likely influence the development of this disease
A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Which of
the following modifiable risk factors would most likely influence development
of this disease?
A 56-year-old male is diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Which of
the following modifiable risk factors would most likely influence development
of this disease?
cigarette smoking
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A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery disease visits a nutritionist for food counselling. He is told that _____ raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels and should be avoided
Trans fats
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The most common cause of myocardial ischaemia is:
Atherosclerosis
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A 62-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?
Prinzmetal
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After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed a substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2 to 3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. He indicates that this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion. He is most likely experiencing:
Stable angina
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A 55-year-old male died of myocardial infarction. Autopsy would most likely reveal
Platelet aggregation within the atherosclerotic coronary artery
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Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions for _____ before irreversible cell injury occurs.
20 minutes
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A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later. She survived but now has impaired ventricular function because
The resulting ischaemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death
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A 75-year-old male presents with severe chest pain. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase. These elevated levels indicate
Varicose veins
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A 28-year-old female presents to the ER complaining of severe chest pain that worsens with respirations or lying down. She has a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
Acute pericarditis
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A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nose bleeds. He is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. The most likely cause of this disease is
Group A B-hemolytic streptococcus infections
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A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nose bleeds. He is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. This disease is usually characterized by:
Antigens that bind to the valvular lining, triggering an autoimmune response
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A 30-year-old female presents to her physician with fever, cardiac murmur, and petechial skin lesions. She is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. The most likely cause of her disease is:
Bacteria
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Inflammatory cells have difficulty limiting the colonisation of microorganisms in infective endocarditis because
The micro organisms are sequestered in a fibrin clot
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