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Affirmative Action
Programs in education and job hiring that recruit minorities over a wide range but do not use rigid quotas, or those that use admissions slots for minorities in education and set aside contracts in the economy.
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Anti-Semitism
the belief or behavior that defines Jewish people as inferior and that targets them for stereotyping, mistreatment, and act of hatred.
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Assimilation
process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society.
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Authoritarian Personality
a pesonality characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorize people and to submit to authority, rigidly conform, and be intolerant of ambiguity.
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Aversive Racism
a subtle, nonobvious, or covert form of racism.
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Color-blind Racism
Ignoring, legitimate racial ethnic, cultural, and other differences between groups.
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Contact Theory
The theory that prejudice will be reduced through social interaction with those of different race or ethnicity but of equal status.
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Cultural Pluralism
Pattern whereby groups maintain their distinctive culture and history
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Discrimination
overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or stratum
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Dominant Group
the group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society.
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Ethnic Group
a social category of people who share a common culture, such as a common language or dialect, a common religion, and common norms, practices, and customs.
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Ethnocentrism
the belief that one's ingroup is superior to all out-groups
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Forms of Racism
types of racism such as old fashioned racism, aversive racism, laissez faire racism, color blind racism, and others
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Hypersegregation
a pattern of extreme segregation
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Institutional Racism
racism involving notions of racial or ethnic inferiority that have become ingrained into society's institutions
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Laissez-faire Racism
negative sterotyping of minorities, and blaming minorities themselves for economic, occupational, and educational lack of achievement.
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Minority Group
any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination
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Out-Group Homogeneity Effect
the tendency to percieve members of an out group as identical in various characteristics.
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Prejudice
the negative evaluation of a social group, and individuals within that group, based upon conceptions held about the group despite facts that contradict them.
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Race
a social category, or social construction, that we treat as distinct on the basis of certain characteristics, some biological, that have been assigned social importance in the society
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Racial Formation
the process by which groups come to be defined as a race through social institutions such as the law and schools
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Racialization
a process whereby some social category such as social class or nationality takes on what are perceived in society to be race characteristics.
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Racism
the perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to one's own group
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Residential Segregation
the spatial separations of racial and ethnic groups in different residential areas.
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Salience Principle
categorizing people on the basis of what initially appears prominent about them.
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Scapegoat Theory
argument that dominatn group aggression is directed toward a minority as a substitute for frustration with some other problem.
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Segregation
the spatial and social separation of racial and ethnic groups
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Stereotype
an oversimplified set of beliefs about the members of a social group or social statum that is used to categorize individuals of that group
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Stereotype Interchangeability
the principle that negative sterotypes are interchangeable from one racial group, or gender, or social class, to another.
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Urban Class
a grouping of people, largely minority and poor, who live at the absolute bottom of the socioeconomic ladder in urban areas.
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