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What is the assessment scale for Ao regurge?
- 1+ = Mild Regurg
- 2+ = Moderate
- 3+ = Moderately severe
- 4+ = Severe
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List 3 problems that cause shock.
- Rate problems
- Pump Problems
- Volume Problems
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What is the main cause for Cardiogenic Shock?
AMI is the most common cause
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What is cardiogenic shock treated?
- Oxygenation
- Ventilation
- IV Fluid (pulmonary edema not present)
- Diuretics (pulmonary edema if present)
- Medications (Dopamine, Dobutamine, Neosvnephrine)
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What is the primary purpose of a balloon pump?
- Decrease afterload
- Increase coronary perfusion
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What classification scale to determine the severity of CHF called?
Killip Clinical Classification
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What is the classification for the Killip Clinical system?
- 1 = No CHF
- 2 = Presence of 3rd heard sound (Gallup)
- 3 = Pulmonary Edema
- 4 = Cardiogenic Shock
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What is the primary tool used on patients with known or suspected masses?
Echocardiography
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Where are primary and secondary tumors found?
Primary - Formed atrial septum by stalk and most commonly found in LA
Secondary - Form in lungs and most commonly found in LA
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What gives rise to the entire cardio vascular system?
Mesodermal Germ Layer
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What are the 2nd and 3rd layers of endotheol Tubes known as?
Cardiac Mantle
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What happens to the Ductus Atteriosus after birth?
It closes 1-2 after birth and become Ligamentum Arteriosum
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What happens to Foramen Ovale after child birth?
Closes and becomes Fossa Ovales. If it does not close, it is called Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) and may require repair.
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What is the Tetrology of Fallot?
- 1) Pulmonic Stenosis, Large VSD, Enlarge of RV, Displacement of Aorta
- 2) Combination causes R to L Shunt
- 3) Immediate surgical repair in severe cases
- 4) Most require repair before school age to life long medical follow up
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What happens to the inflation of the lungs after birth?
The inflation greatly reduces pulmonary vascular resistance causing blood flow to RV and PA
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What are 5 types of shock?
- Hypovolemic
- Septic
- Anaphylatic
- Neurogenic
- Cardigenic
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What is Evstein's Anomally?
- 1) Septal and Posterior leaflets of TV downwardly placed into RV
- 2) Usually associated w/Atrial septal defect
- 3) Results in RH divided into RA, atrialized portion of RV and Diminished RV cavity
- 4) Abnormal RV function (Tricuspid Regurg)
- 5) Valve repair indicated w/severe CHF
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What is Eisenmenger's Complex?
- 1) VSD w/pulmonary HTN
- 2) Right to Left Shunt
- 3) Enlarged RV
- 4) Cyanosis
- 5) May include overriding Ao.
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