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Where do amphibians live (type of environment?)
Wet and warm places
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If an animal is an ectotherm, it has a body that does not.....
produce much internal heat
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An animal whose body temperature does not change with the environment is called....
an endotherm
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How do fish reproduce?
External fertilization
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What type of fish is a lamprey?
a jawless fish
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What is the function of a swim bladder?
to control buoyancy
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How many chambers are in an adult amphibians' heart?
3
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How is a reptile egg different from an amphibian egg?
it has a soft leathery shell
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What does the backbone protect in the vertebrate?
the spinal cord
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When the temperature of the environment changes, Reptiles and amphibians temperature....
changes
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What are sharks skeletons made of?
cartilage
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How is a bivalve protected?
By 2 shells held together by hinges and strong muscles
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How does a bivalve obtain food?
Filtering it from the water
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How do cephalopods move?
By using jet propulsion
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How is the body of a spider arranged?
2 body sections and no antennae
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Why does molting occur?
When a nymph outgrows it's exoskeleton
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What symmetry does an echinoderm have?
5 part radial symmetry
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What is an example of a echinoderm?
starfish, sea urchin
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How does an echinoderm use its water vascular system?
To capture food and move
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What is the main function of the radula of a mollusk?
to scrap food from the surface
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What is a characteristic of a millipede?
2 pairs of leg on each segment
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How does a grasshopper get oxygen?
through its skin
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The group of mollusks with the most complex nervous system is....
cephalopods
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What is the function of tube feet?
They are suction cups that help the animal move
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How many chambers does a bird's heart have?
4
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How do hollow bones help a bird?
They help the bird fly
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What structure help the bird get enough oxygen?
air sacs
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The earliest mammals were....
small, mouse-sized animals
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A large muscle that allows mammals to breath is called....
diaphragm
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What is an incisor used for?
to penetrate food
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What are canines used for?
to bite and tear into food
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What are premolars and molars used for?
To grind food into small pieces
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Which type of mammal lays eggs?
monotreme
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What is an example of a monotreme?
duck-billed platypus (Platipie.... ? (Ryan Higa))
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What is an example of a placental mammal?
human, dolphin, bear, coyote, dog, cat, whale, mouse,
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What is the function of a placenta?
to pass materials between the mother and the embroyo
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When a bird's wing moves through the air, the air pressure on the wing is less ___________ the wing.
above the wing
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What is the name of an upward force that allows a bird to fly?
lift
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What characteristic is used to classify an animal as a monotreme, marsupial or placental mammal?
the way young develop
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What is the difference between a monotreme, a marsupial or a placental mammal?
- monotreme: lays eggs
- Marsupial: live young, but finishes developing in the mother's pouch
- Placental: live birth, born fully functional
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What is a gestation period?
the time between fertilization and birth
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What type of feathers give a bird it's shape?
contour feathers
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What type of feathers keep the bird warm?
down feathers
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The Cnidarian body plan that is shaped like a bowl is called a .........
medusa
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The process by which a new organism forms from the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called....
sexual reproduction
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What is bilateral symmetry?
One line that can be draw to divide the animal into mirror halves
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How does a sponge gather food?
By trapping it with pores
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What feeding behavior do cnidarians exhibit?
carnivore
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How does a cnidarian capture food?
stinging it with venom and paralyzing it (JELLYFISH..... grrrrrrrrrr)
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What is a vase-shaped cnidarian?
polyp
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How does a roundworm's digestion work?
food enters the body and wastes leave the body through the same opening
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A segmented worm has a _________ circulatory system.
closed
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What group of worms do Planaria belong to?
flatworms
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What is the main function of leaves?
Photosynthesis
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What happens in Phloem?
Food moves down
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How does Germination begin?
When a seed absorbs water
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How do gases pass in and out of a leaf?
through stomata
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What part of a woody stem produces new vascular tissue?
cambium
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Where does the zygote of a gymnosperm develop?
in the ovule
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What is a characteristic of all angiosperms?
They all produce fruits
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What are a flower's female reproductive parts called?
Pistils
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What part of a flower becomes fruit?
the ovary
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What are the 4 characteristics of Monocots?
One cotyledon, Parallel veins, scattered bundles of vascular tissue, flower parts in 3's
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What are the 4 characteristics of Dicots?
2 cotyledons, branching veins, circle of vascular tissue, flower parts in 4's or 5's
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What characteristic do all gymnosperms share?
They produce naked seeds
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What are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms called?
cones
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What is the process called where water evaporates from a plants leaves?
transpiration
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As the seeds of an angiosperm develop, the ovary changes into a ___________?
fruit (Angie from george lopez is nice and sweet and caring.... she GIVES FRUITS)
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How does having a tasty, nutritious fruit help a plant?
Animals will eat it and then disperse the seeds
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What is the stomach lines with?
Epithelial tissue
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What is homeostasis?
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal temperature even if the outside temperature changes.
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What is a newborn baby mostly made of?
Cartilage
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Why is a newborn made of mostly cartilage?
So it can pass through the birth canal
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What is the structure of a bone? From the outside to the inside
outer membrane, compact bone, marrow, and spongy bone at the end of bones
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What type of joint allows the most movement?
ball and socket
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Name the 5 different types of joints.
Hinge, ball and socket, immovable, pivot, gliding
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What type of muscle tires quickly during exercises?
skeletal muscles
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How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together?
while one muscle in the pair contracts, the other returns to its original length
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Where are the nerves, blood vessels, and hair follicles located?
in the dermis
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What type of muscle controls digestion?
involuntary muscle
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What type of joint is a ankle?
Ball and socket
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What type of joint is the skull?
immovable
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What is vascular tissue?
internal system of tubelike structures through which water and food move inside in the plant
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What is the the fertilized egg in plants called?
zygote
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What is a nonvascular plant?
A plant that lacks vascular tissue, low growing plants
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What is the gametophyte stage?
when the plant produces 2 types of sex cells or gametes (sperm and egg cells)
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What is a Liverwort?
Names for the shape of it's body, a non-vascular plant, found growing as a thick crust on rocks
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What are characteristics of Ferns?
They have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce
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What are ferns' leaves called?
fronds
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What is an example of a segmented worm?
earthworm
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Water enters a sponge through the opening called...
a pore
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What phylum do sponges belong to?
porifera
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At the beginning of its life, a coral is a...
free-swimming larva
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What are the 3 major groups of worms?
roundworms, segmented, flat
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A hydra is an example of a Canadian with the ______ body plan.
polyp
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Plants are ______ that contain many cells.
Eukaryotes
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Photosynthesis in plants produces....
sugar and oxygen
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The raw materials in photosynthesis are....
carbon dioxide and water
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The adaptation that helps plants retain water is the.....
cuticle
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What stage produces the egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?
gametophyte
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Where does sphagnum moss grow?
bogs
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How do nonvascular plants differ from vascular plants?
how they transport water and nutrients
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The part of the moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is....
rhizoid
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What characteristic do club mosses and ferns share?
they are vascular plants
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What doe ferns spores produce?
sori
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What is a benefit of hydroponics?
it allows crops to grow in poor soil and small spaces
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the capsule at the end of a moss contains....
spores
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What part of ferns grow underground?
roots and stem
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The waste product _________ is removed from a fish's blood through its gills.
carbon dioxide
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Most of a fish's movements are related to....
feeding
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Most adult amphibians can obtain oxygen through.....
lungs and thin skin
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Why are amphibians especially sensitive to environmental changes?
they have thin skin
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What organs in the body help a reptile keep water in its body?
skin and kidneys
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A tadpole looses its gills and develops lungs through the process of ________.
metamorphism
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An insect that looks like a small adult when it hatches goes through ________ metamorphosis.
gradual
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Snails and slugs belong to which group of mollusks?
gastropods
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What characteristic is not common to all arthropods?
a backbone
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How does camouflage benefit insects?
to hide them from predators
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Is a nymph part of gradual or complete metamorphosis?
gradual
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What is a characteristic of an echinoderm?
5 part radial symmetry
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What is the function of a mollusk's mantle?
it produces shell
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Many arthropods have ______ that help them sense the environment.
antennae
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During complete metamorphosis, an insect becomes a ______ when it is enclosed in a protective covering.
pupa
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What is the outermost layer of skin called?
epidermis
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What are the spaces in between bones filled with?
marrow
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How does the skin protect the body from disease?
by keeping disease outside the body
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How do feather keep a bird warm?
by trapping heat close to the body
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How are the toes of perching birds adapted?
the toes can lock onto a branch
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The breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler ones is ________ digestion.
chemical
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What carbohydrate helps your digestive system function even though your body cannot digest it?
fiber
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What should make up the largest part of a persons diet?
breads, cereal, rice and pastas
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What substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion?
saliva
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What process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus?
preistalsis
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In what part of the body does most chemical digestion take place?
small intenstine
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What organ produces bile?
liver
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Chemical digestion in the stomach is helped by the strong acid called _______ acid.
hydrochloric
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When you swallow, a flap of tissue called the ______ prevents food from entering your windpipe.
epiglottis
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What is peat?
layers of compressed dead plants in a bog
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