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cerebral functions
thinking, personality, sensation, movement, memory
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thalamus functions
relay station for sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness
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hypothalamus functions
body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland
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cerebellum functions
coordination of voluntary movements and balance
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pons functions
connections of nerves (to the eyes and face)
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medulla oblongata functions
nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heard, blood vessels, and respiratory system
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arachnoid membrane
middle layer of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord
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astrocyte
types of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
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cauda equina
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
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dura mater
thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
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ependymal cell
glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid
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ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
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gyrus
sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
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microglial cell
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
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parenchyma
the distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
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pia mater
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
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plexus
large interlacing network of nerves. ex. lumbosacral, cervical, brachial
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stroma
connective and supporting tissue of an organ. glial cells are the stroma of the brain
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sulcus
depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
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hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
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spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
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alzheimer disease
brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes and impairment of daily functioning
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
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epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
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tonic-clonic seizures
(grand mal or ictal events) sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, tonic contractions (stiffening), clonic contractions (twitching)
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absence seizures
(petit mal) momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings
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Huntington's disease
hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
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multiple sclerosis
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
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myasthenia gravis
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
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Parkinson disease
degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, ocurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
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Tourette syndrome
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
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herpes zoster
(shingles) viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
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meningitis
inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
brain disease and dementia ocurring with AIDs
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brain tumor
abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
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cerebral concussion
temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours
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cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
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migraine
severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache
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paliative
releiving symptoms but not curing them
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