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What is another name of Atherosclerosis?
Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
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What layer of the vessel is most affected by Atherosclerosis?
The intimal layer
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At what age do the lesions caused atherroscleosis appear and where?
- 10 years old in the Aotra
- 20 years old coronary arteries
- 30 years old Cerebral vessels
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What causes ischemia?
Atheromatous plaque, Coronary Emboli, Severe Hypertension, AO Stenosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Rapid Heart Rate,
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What are some systolic effects of MI?
Hypokinesis, Akinesis, Dyskinesis
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What are some Diastolic effects of MI?
In crease in LVEDP
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What is characterized by chest pain brought on by excersice and stress?
Stable angina
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What type of angina is relieve by rest and/or NTG administration?
Stable
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What type of angina can indicate chronic heart disease?
Stable
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What type of angina covers a variety of syndromes?
Unstable
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What type of angina is characterized by chest pain that rapidly increases in frequency and intensity?
Unstable
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What is the difference between chest pain and angina?
Angina has ECG tracings
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After _____ hours, massive cellular necrosis & functional impairment sets in
4-6
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Death of myocardium begins when severe ischemia is present for _________.
> 1 hour
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What are the zones of abnormality functionality in AMI?
- Central area of Necrosis
- Adjacent area of Necrosis/Ischemia
- Periperal area of Necrosis/Ischemia
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When a function is either akinetic or dyskinetic and electially inert, what area of necrosis is effected?
Central
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When a function is either hypokinetic or Akinetic and prone to ectopy, what area of necrosis is effected?
Adjacent
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When a function is hypokinetic and electrically unstable, what area of necrosis is effected?
Peripheral
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What are patient variables for MI?
- Size of infarct
- Funtional status of non-involved anatomy
- Co-morbidities/pathologies
- Time from onset of symptoms to treatment (Door to balloon time)
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What can mitral and tricuspid regurge cause?
Endocarditis
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What are three types of cardiomyopathies?
Dilated, Restrictive, and Hypertrophic
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Which cardiomyopathy has poorly contracting, dilated ventricles w/Bilateral Dilation?
Dilated
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Which cardiomyopathy results in diffuse systolic dysfunction w/decreased EF & CO?
Dilated
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Which cardiomyopathy is had poorly compliant ventricles w/ventricular filling?
Restrictive
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Which cardiomyopathy has a hypertrophic and hypolontractile left ventricle?
Hypertropic
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What is symptomology of Cardiac Tamponade?
- Pulsus Paradoxus
- Equalization of diastolic pressure
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List the causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
- Toxic substances
- Alcohol, cocaine, Lithium, tobacco abuse
- Viral infection
- May occur in last trimester of pregnancy
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Is there possibilty that dilated cardiomyopathy can be reversed?
yes
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Papillary muscle dysfunction/rupture, valvular regurge, reduction in systemic blood flow, acute ventricular septal defect, cardiac rupture, and right ventricular infarction are all complications of ______.
Myocardial Infarction
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Thromboytics w/in 30 minute arrival, PCI w/in 90 minutes arrival, beta blockers, IIB/IIIA Inhibitors, and atropine are medication used to treat ________.
Myocardia Infarction
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What are risk factors of Atherosclerosis?
Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Tobacco use, Diabetes
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This type of chest pain causes:
Musuloskeletal, Neuroligic, Mediastinal, Pulmonary, and Gastro-Intestinal
Non-myocardial
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This type of chest pain causes:
Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Aortic &/or subaortic valve O2, Ao dissection, Thoracic &/or abdominal AO anuerysm
Cardiac
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List complication of Pericarditis
- Pericardial effusion and Tamponade
- Pericardial fibrosis and Thickening
- CAuses Constriction physiology
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