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A way to abstract or generalize knowledge so that it can be applied to a variety of individual circumstances
Theory
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An unconcious and identified it as the most primitive part of the personality is?
I.D.
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Model is based on concepts related to stress and reaction to stress?
Betty Neuman's systems
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Freud's stages of Development are?
- Oral - 0-12
- Anal - 1-3
- Phallic/oedipal 3-6
- Latency - 6-11
- Puberty - 11 year
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Piaget's Stage Theory of Cognitive Development?
- Sensorimotor - 0-2 years
- Preoperational thoughts - 2-7
- Concrete operations - 7-11
- Formal operatoins 11 years
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Oral gratification, sucking - mouth
Freud's oral stage 0-12 mths
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Rectal gratification, control of bowel movements - potty trained
Freud's anal stage - 1-3 years
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Genital fixation and concentration - discovers themselves, love of opposite parent
Freud's phallic/oediapal stage 3-6 years
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Repression of sexual feelings and memories - involved w/ toys or different sexes
Freud's latency stage 6-11 years
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Rise in sexual energy, indepedence from parents - primitive desire or pleasure
Freud's Puberty stage 11 year's on
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Development of trust - LOVE
Erikson's trust vs mistrust 0-18 mths
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Exercise of chocie & Self-determination - mine, mine
Erikson's autonomy vs shame and doubt 18mths- 3 yrs
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Exploration and daring - MOVE
Erikson's intiative vs guilt 3-6 years
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Mastery of social and cognitive skills - I want to be w/ my friends
Erikson's industry vs inferiority 6-11 years
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Development of identity - who am I
Erikson's Identitiy vs role confusion 11-20 years
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Mutuality and intimancy with aother person - Falling in Love
Erikson's intimacy vs isolation 18-25 years
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Productivity through caring for and guiding children - CARING
Erikson's generativity vs stanation 21-45 years
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Internal struggle and life review - did I do everything that I wanted to do?
Erikson's ego integrity vs despair 45 years to death
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Eight important concepts for understanding the basis of social pyschiatry are:
- 1. Social causation
- 2. Community and family causation
- 3. Tx & rehabilitation
- 4. Prevention
- 5. Governmental and community program
- 6. Cultural influences
- 7. Social control mechanisms
- 8. Possible existence of a sick society
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what are freud's stages of development
- -oral stage (0-12)
- -anal stage (1-3)
- -phallic stage (3-6)
- -latency stage (6-11)
- -puberty (11 up)
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what are erikson's stages of development?
- -trust vs. mistrust (0-18)
- -autonomy vs. shame and doubt (18 m-3 years)
- -initiative vs. guilt ( 3-6 yrs)
- -industry vs. inferiority (6-11)
- -identity vs. role confusion (11-20)
- -intimacy vs. isolation ( 18-25)
- -generativity vs. stagnation (21-45)
- -ego integrity vs. despair (45 yrs - death)
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what are piaget's stage theory of cognitive development?
- -sensorimotor intelligence
- -preoperational thought
- -concrete operations
- -formal operations
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who described nursing as a therapeutic interpersonal relationship between pT and nurse
hildegard peplau
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what is peplau's 3 phases of interpersonal relationship
- orientation (meeting)
- working phase ( response to Tx)
- termination (resolution)
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Theorist: nursing theory based on relationships
hildegard peplau
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theorist: theory based on caring
jean watson
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states caring is the domain of nursing and curing is the domain of medicine
jean watson
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theorist who differentiated between nursing and medicine
jean watson
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what does jean watson believe caring increases
healing and wholeness
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what does jean watsons manifestation of caring moment include
- healing
- harmony
- diversity
- wholeness
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theorist with a curative approach that involves spiritual concepts
jean watson
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systems model is based on concepts related to stress and reaction to stress
betty neumann
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system that functions with repeating cycles of input, throughput, output, and feedback exchanges with the environment
open system
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betty neuman system model includes what variables
- physiological
- psychological
- sociocultural
- developmental
- spiritual
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variable that deals with th ebony and ts structure and function
physiological
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variable that involves social and cultural interactions and expectations
sociocultural
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variable that involves mental relationships and processes
psychological
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variable that deals with developmental processes and needs as the system matures
developmental
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the least understood variable that deals with spiritual beliefs
spiritual
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neumans three types of environment
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environment that consists of those forces and factors and influences that occur within boundaries
internal
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environment that occurs outside boundaries
external
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environment that symbolizes wholeness and exchange between internal and external environments
created
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stressors or factors that place a demand on the system
stressors
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type of prevention that deals with health promotion activities and immunozations
primary
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type of prevention that deals with existing problems
secondary
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prevention that seeks support
tertiary
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psychoanalytic theorist
sigmund freud
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goal of the id
- minimize pain
- maximize pleasure
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freuds personality concepts
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personality concept that contains impressions and impulses that have been repressed and not accessible through the conscious mind
id
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conscious, serves to delay immediate impulse by the id to bring rationality into consideration before the ego
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personality concept of self
ego
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personality concept that depresses and derives own energy from id; achieves a balance
ego
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what are personality concepts subject to?
anxiety
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term for sexual energy
libido
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theorist that believed in penis envy
freud
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psychosexual stage that is described as the lull before the storm
latency
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maintaining a preoccupation with the pleasures associated with a stage
fixation
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occurs when one reverts to the pleasures of an earlier stage during times of frustration
regression
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when a child seeks comfort in thumb sucking when upset or an adult getting comfort from food when upset are examples of
regression
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psychosocial theorist
erik erikson
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created the theory of child development and social growth
erikson
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process of thinking knowing and percieving
cognition
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cognitive development theorist
jean piaget
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involves taking in experiences from the environment
assimilation
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occurs when what is taken in from the environment does not match a persons existing structure or information
accomodation
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process of placing ones ideas into a coherent state or order
organization
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humanistic theorists
- abraham maslow (basic needs theory)
- b.f skinner (behavioral psychlogy)
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proposed a hierarchy of needs to explain motives for human behavior
maslow
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maslows five hierarchy levels
- physiological (food, air, sleep, sex)
- safety and security
- love and belonging
- esteem and self esteem
- self actualization ( money, house)
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undesirable behaviors that is a result of withdrawal of attention
extinction
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theorist that believed in positive and negative reinforcement
skinner
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