The Urinary System

Uro

A specialist who deals with the female urinary system and the male genitourinary system is called what?

what is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system

What are the structures of the urinary system?

What extracts waste from the blood, balances the body fluids, and form urine?

What conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

What serves as a reservoir for urine

What conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for elimination

The volume of circulating blood effects blood pressure, the what helps control blood volume by excretign or conserving water?

an accumulation of water in the tissues

an abnormal decrease of water in the tissues

What are two reddish-brown, bean0shaped organs located in the small of the back at the lower edge of the ribson either side of the vertebral column

Maintenance of Homeostatis: controls water and blood volume, maintains blood pressure, regulates electrolyets levels, reabsorbs some electrolytes, maintaines pH balance, and activates vitamin D for bone calcification

Manufacture: secretes renin and erythropoietin

Processing of wastes: proms urine in the kidneys and stores urine within the bladder

Eliminations: eliminates protein wastes, exvess salts, and toxic materials.

Kidenys are said to be this because they lie behind the peritoneum.

is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity

is an enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume (i.e., that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus, it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure.

is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid) balance.

is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production.

red blood cell

Ren

If something is this it means that they have a heavily supplied with blood vessels.

On the medial surface of the kidneys, toward the middle of the body, is and indented area called what which is a notch through which the blood vessels, nerves, and ureter enter

Bu regulating what the kidneys control the volume of body fluids

By balancing what the kidneys do this by eliminating acids directly into the urin or by exreting acids bound to chemical buffers.

The outside of the kidney

is the outer reddish-brown part of the kidneys that extends from the outside of the renal capsule tot he base of the renal pyramids and inot the spaces between them. Renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal protions of the convulted tubes make up the major portion of this

What contain the remainder of the renal tubules, the loops of Henle, and the collecting tubules.

The tubles from the renal medulla form a cone-shaped structure called what?

what are teh cells that form urine. Therefore, the rest of the urine expels urine.

at one end of each nephron is a cluseter of capillaries called what that filter blood

The outside layer of the glomeruli called what has large openins aka pores that allow all blood componenets except RBC to pass through

The middle layer of the hlemeruli called what prevents the passage of large proteins through it by using giltration

Blood, with its wastes and food products, eneter the glomerulus through what

In the kidney, a ----- is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.

A --- is a capillary tuft that performs the first step in filtering blood to form urine.
It is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. It receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.

Largest portion of the nephrons are in the cortex (outer part) and one small tubule is located in the medulla.

Part of the nephron is the glomerulus, that is enclosed by the bowman's capsule.

Blood and its wastes enter the glomerulus through what?

this consitst of specialized glandular cells that are responsible for maintaining blood pressure

What is an important regulator in the concentration of dilution into the urine?

--- is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac

water, with its dissolved contents, travels the length of what?

From the Bowman's capsule the convoluted tubule has three portions. The first called proximal convluted tubule, the next the loop of Henle, and the final which is at the end of the nephron is the distal convoluted tubule.

After blood leaves the distal convoluted tubul it moves to the collecting tubule. This is where the antidiuretic hormone makes the tubule more permeable to water

is an important regulator in the concentration of dilution of urine

The capilaries that surround the collecting tubule have the job of reabsorbing as much water, salts, and glucose.

From the collecting tubule the urine and waste products continue to the renal pyramid to the renal pelvis and onward to the ureter and bladder.

Pathways of urine...
---- ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle... proximal convoluted tubule ... loop of henle ... distal convoluted tubule ... juxtaglomerular apparatus ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... -----... proximal
convoluted tubule ... loop of henle ... distal convoluted tubule ...
juxtaglomerular apparatus ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle...---- ... loop of henle ... distal convoluted tubule ...
juxtaglomerular apparatus ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle... proximal
convoluted tubule ... ---- ... distal convoluted tubule ...
juxtaglomerular apparatus ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle... proximal
convoluted tubule ... loop of henle ... === ...
juxtaglomerular apparatus ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle... proximal
convoluted tubule ... loop of henle ... distal convoluted tubule ...
=== ... collecting duct (tubule)....

Pathways of urine...
Afferent arteriole ... glomerulus and Bowmans capusle... proximal
convoluted tubule ... loop of henle ... distal convoluted tubule ...
juxtaglomerular apparatus ... ====)....

Function: filters water, wastes, glucose, and salts out of blood

Reasbsorbs some needed electrolytes, water, and glucose, as well as some amino acids and bicarbonate

reabsorbes water and additional electrolyetes

reabsorbs sodium, water, and remainder of glucose

is an important hormone that is blood pressure regulations

if blood volume becomes too low what secretes renin into the bloodstream

What promotes sodium and water retention to increase blood volume and to further elevate blood pressure. IT also respons to high blood levels of potassium or low levels of sodium.

renin stimulates what that causes blood vessles to constric, directly rasing blood pressure and stimulats the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone

If levels are what aldosterone will excrete potassium and reaborn sodium. Sodium will then return to blood and water follows salt and potassium ion are excreted into urine.

What increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys tibules and therby decreasing the amount of urine secreted. This results in the maintenance of circulting blood volume and blood presure

The what gland secreted antidiuretic hormone due to angiotensin II or low fluid levels.

What stimulates the thrist center in the hypothalamus to incraese fluid intake, resulting in an increase in blood volume and sibswquently rise in blood pressure.

What is a hormone secreted by the cells in the atria of the heart. This hormone increases kidney filtrationand blood flow when blood volume increases. This then promotes the excretion of both water and sodium through the kidneys and suppresion the sectrion of ADH and aldosterone. Therefore, there is less strain of the heart.

This hormone is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the stem cells in the red bone marrow to incrase the fommation of red blood cells. This is stimulated when hypoxia is recognized

formation of red blood cells

low blood oxygen

red blood cells

This is synthesized in the skin by UV rays in sunlight. It plays and important role in the absoprtion of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.

is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth

For this to be used fromt he sun it must be metabolically concerted in the livern then in the kidneys. Therefore, people with renal disease cannot coverte this to the active form.

Kidneys receive their blood supply from the

the renal arteries are full of oxygenated blood, become afferent arterioles, that supply the glomeruli, then go to efferent arteriles, efferent arterioles branch and become peritubular capilaries which drain into the veins ending at the renal vein. This vein then goes into the inferior vena cava from return the blood to the heart.

carry substance fromt he kidney back to the circultory system for reuse and norish renal tissue

begin the formation of urine

Urine travels from the renal pelvis into the what wich are narrow tubes that attack to the kidneys at the renal pelvis and carry urine from the kidney down to the bladder.

what when it is empty lies behin the symphis pubis, stores urine,

what relaxes when it senses the body's need to void

The bladder contains three openings: two from the ureters and one into the what? This is a tube that urine passes to the outside of the body?

in men, this, passess through the prostate gland, where two ducts fromt he male sex glands join it, and then through the length of the penis

The womens what opens to the outside at the urinary meatus or urinary canal

To increase blood pressure JBA secretes renin which will work by causing vasocontriction of the arterioles, incrasing glomerular filtration rate, preventing water and salts from being excreted and increasing blood volume

To decrease blood pressure...the afferent arteroles contrict causing decreased flow to the kidneys this then channels blood to vital body areas and results in decreased urinary output.

is the process of removing particles from a solution by allowing the liquid solvent to pass across a barrier

is a specific term used for movement of wastes across the glomeruli in to the bowmans capsule.

when blood enter the glomerulus and flows through smaller and smaller blood vessiles, this causes increased pressure within the bessels, and forces a fluid called glomnerular filtrate ou of the glomerulus into the bowmans capsule.