Biology 111

• Chloroplasts
• Homologous to land plants
• Analogous to algae
• Hint: know what these terms mean
• Similar morphology
• Live in transitional habitats between water and land

A similarity between two or more structures that is due to inheritance from a common ancestor

A resemblance in function, often appearance as well, between two structures that is due to convergent evolution rather than common ancestry

a thimble shaped mass of cells, produced by the root apical meristem, that protects the meristem; the organ that perceives the gravitational stimulus in root gravitropism

a way to move water up a tree by using the characteristic of water that it sticks to its self

The ability of plants to alter their structure to better collect resources

The area where the leaf cuts its self off from the tree during winter time

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution; this allows for specialization of plants and their pollinators

A bryophyte innovation to protect the gametes.

the asexual and usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophytes arise.

the innovation that prevents plants from desiccation, ultraviolet radiation and fungal infection.

Used for vegitative reproduction in liverworts and found in cups.

part of capsule sensitivity to humidity; opens up to release spores.

the group that gave rise to tracheophytes

the tracheophyte innovation within the vascular tissue (xylem).

this leaf type is typical in lychophytes but not monilophytes.

the group that has two different leaf segments or types

this group dominated in the carboniferous.

a layer around the seed for protection found in gymnosperms.

this structure allows for the independent movement of the microgamete to the megagamete across hostile conditions.

this type of cone is adapted to fire.

this stucture of the taxaceae was adapted for seed dispersal.

this group shares several characteristics with the angiosperm.

The antagonist to auxin

responsible for stem elongation in response to light.

plant growth regulator likely to be in high concentration during the dormancy of a seed.

Neccessary for the development of the embryo and nucleus.

the plant equivalent of an animal egg.

Major barrier to movement in roots.

• This is the main photosynthesis system in desert plants.
• Crassulacean acid metabolism

this cup-like structure captures insects and dissolves them.

This group typically has scattered vascular bundles.

This protion of secondary growth is sloughed like a fingernail.