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ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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borborygmus (mi)
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
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constipation
difficulty in passing stools
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diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
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dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
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eructation
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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flatus
gas expelled through the anus
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hematochezia
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
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jaundice (icterus)
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
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melena
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
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nausea
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
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steatorrhea
fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
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aphthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
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dental caries
tooth decay
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herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth caused by inection with the herpesvirus
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oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
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periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
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achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
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esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus
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esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
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gastric cancer
malignant tumor of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
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hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
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peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
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anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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colonic polyps
polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
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colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
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Crohn's disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
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diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
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dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
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hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
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ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
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intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
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irritable bowel syndrome
group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
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ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
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volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
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cholelitheiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
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cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
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pancreatic cancer
malignant tumor of the pancreas
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pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
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viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
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alk phos
alkaline phosphatase
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ALT, AST
alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase - enzymes measured to evaluate liver function
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BRBPR
bright red blood per rectum - hematochezia
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EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
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FOBT
fecal occult blood test
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G tube
gastrostomy tube; used to introduce nutrients into the stomach after insertion through the abdominal wall
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GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
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IBD
inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)
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LAC
laparoscopic-assisted colectomy
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LFTs
liver function tests - alk phase, bilirubin, AST
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MRI
magnetic resonance imagining
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NPO
nothing by mouth (nil per os)
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PEG tube
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube - feeding tube
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PEJ tube
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube - feeding tube
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PTHC
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
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TPN
total parenteral nutrition
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T tube
tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small pouch on the outside of the body
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