Chapter 3 Vocab

A rod-shaped bacterial or archaeal cell

A layer of well-organized material, not easily washed off, lying outside the cell wall of some microbes

The plasma membrane and all surroundinglayers external to it

The movement of a microorganismtoward chemical attractants and away from chemical repellents

A spherical bacterial or archaeal cell

An extremely heat- and chemical-resistant, dormant, thick-walled spore that develops within some gram-positive bacteria

Fine, hairlike protein appendages on some bacterial and archaeal cells; some help attach cells to surfaces, and others are involved in a type of twitching motility; also called pili

The currently accepted model of cell membranes in which the membrane is a lipid bilayer with integral proteins buried in the lipid and peripheral proteins more loosely attached to the membrane surface

A proteinaceous cytoplasmic organelle composed of clusters of gas-filled vesicles; used by aquatic bacteria and archaea to change location in a water column

A network of polysaccharides extending from the surface of some cells

Granules of organic or inorganic material in the cytoplasm of many bacteria and archaea

Molecules in the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria; they contain both lipid and polysaccharide

An irregularly shaped region where the genetic material of bacteria and archaea is found

A component of bacterial cell walls. It is composed of long chains of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid residues, with the chains linked to each other by short chains of amino acids

The space between the plasma membrane and outermost layers of the bacterial cell wall

A double-stranded DNA molecule that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome or may be integrated with it. Plasmids are not required for the cell's growth and reproduction

Proteins that form channels for the transport of small molecules across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacterial cell walls

Thin protein appendages required for bacterial conjugation; cells with sex pilidonate DNA to recipient cells

A regularly structured layer composed of protein or glycoprotein that lies on the surface of many bacteria and archaea

A layer of diffuse, unorganized, easily removed material lying outside the cell wall

A rigid, spiral-shaped bacterial or archaeal cell

A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium with periplasmic flagella