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ions in intracellular fluid
k, mg, po4, proteins
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extracellular ions
na, cl, HCO3, includes intravascular(plasma) and interstitial(lymphatic)
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TBW for males
60%, CBW if >130% or ABC
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TBW for females
50%, CBW if >130% or ABW
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intracellular fluid amount
2/3 TBW
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extracellular fluid amount
1/3 of TBW or 20% of weight
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intracellular fluid amt
plasma, 25% of ECF
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interstitial fluid amount
75% of ECF
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Blood tonicity governed by:
thirst(1-2% change needed), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or ADH
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blood volume governed by:
thirst(10-15% drop in blood volume for thirst to be increased) and aldosterone
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% body weight lost with mild dehy
3-5%
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% weight lost with moderate dehy
5-10%
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% weight lost with severe dehy
10-15%
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clinical signs of mild dehy
thirst, decreased sweating, decreased urine volume
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clinical signs of mod dehy
decreased skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, thirst, dizziness, change in mental status, lethargy, increased HR, orthostatic HOTN more than 20 or 10
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clinical signs of severe dehy
hypotension, HR >100, cool skin, poor skin turgor, combativeness, shock, thready pulse
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normal Hct=Hgb X 3
more than 3 x's, less is overhydrated
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urine osmolality and urine specific gravity-sign of dehy
>100mOsm and >1.020
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when edema becomes clinical
fluid volume increases 2-2.5 L
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fluid requirements
CBW or ABW, 1500mL + 20mL/kg for each additional kg>20kg, 0.5L of insensible loss
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what happens to NS in body
does not go to ICF, all goes to ECF-2/3 to interstitial and 1/3 to intravascular, isotonic only goes to ECF
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what happens to D5W in body
distibutes like free water, 2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF
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what happens to 0.45% NaCl in body
half to ICF and half as free water
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