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Trapezius
- O- occipital protuberance of skull, ligamentum nuchae, and 12 thoracic spines
- I- lateral 1/3 clavicle, acrominon, spine of scapula
- A- suspends shoulder, elevate (upper), depress (lower), upward rot (upper and lower), add of scap (middle)
- N- spinal accessory
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Latissimus Dorsi
- O- lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, post iliac crest, inf angle of scap
- I- intertubercular groove of humerus
- A- Ext, add, medial rot humerus
- N- thoracodorsal
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Levator scapulae
- O- transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
- I- upper medial border of scap
- A- elevates and assists in downward rot of scap
- N- Dorsal scapular
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Rhomboid major and minor
- O- lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spines of upper thoracic vertebrae
- I- post medial border of scap (minor at level of spine, major below spine)
- A- elevates, downward rot, add (retract)
- N- dorsal scapular
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Splenius capitus and cervicis
- O- ligamentum nuchae, spines of lower cervical, upper thoracic
- I- skull and transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
- A- ext head and neck (bilateral), rotate face and flex head and neck to ipsilateral side in unilateral contraction
- N- dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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Erector spinae
- O- posterior sacrum, iliac crest, spines of lumbar vertebrae
- I- iliocostalis: ribs and transverse processes of cerv vert; longissimus: transverse processes and skull; spinalis: spinous processes of vert (blends with semispinalis)
- A-ext vert column and head w/ bilateral contractions; lateral flexion to right is controlled by left erector spine muscles
- N- Dorsal (post) rami of spinal nerve
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Transverso-spinalis
- O- articular, transverse, mamillary processes of vert
- I- semispinalis: 4 to 6 cervical vert and skull; multifidus: 2 to 4 spinous processes of cerv, thor, lumb vert; rotatores: 1 to 2 spinous processes
- A- extend vert column; rot vert column to contralateral side; ext of head
- N- dorsal (post) rami of spinal nerve
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Scapula
- posteriorlateral to chest wall
- posterior and anterior surface
- has three borders, three angles, and three processes
-
posterior (dorsal) surface of scapula
- has the spine of the scapula which begins medial border and continuous laterally with the acromion
- the spine seperates the supraspinous fossa (above) and infraspinous fossa (below)
-
anterior (costal) surface of scapula
- subscapular fossa
- forward projection- coracoid process
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Three borders
- Superior- thin and sharp; has a suprascapular notch
- Lateral-
- Medial-veterabral border
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Three angles
- Superior angle
- Inferior angle- overlies the seventh rib/intercostal space of the chest wall
- Lateral angle- has the glenoid cavity with the supra and infra glenoid tubercles for attachment of muscles
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Clavicle
- can be palpated along its entire length
- lateral end articulates with the acromion of the scapula (Acromioclavicular [AC]joint)
- medial end articulates with the sternum (Sternoclavicular [SC] joint)
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superficial muscles of the back
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
-
Second layer of superficial muscles of the back
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboid major and minor
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movements of the scapula
elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
upward rotation
downward rotation
- upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and major
- lower traps
- serratus anterior with pectoralis minor
- middle trapezius, rhomboid major and minor
- upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior
- levator scapulae, pectoralis minor
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Thoracolumbar fascia
- posterior layer is attached spines of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, including supraspinous ligament
- middle layer is attached to the lumbar transverse processes and iliac crest
- anterior layer is attached to lumbar transverse processescovers quadratus lumborum
-
interspinales
attached to the spines of adjacent vertebrae
-
intertransversarii
located between adjacent transverse processes
-
deep muscles of the back
- splenius
- erector spinae
- transverospinalis
-
splenius
- O- ligamentum nuchae, lower cervical and thoracic vertebrae
- I- capitus onto the skull; cervicus on the transverse processes of the cervical vert
- F- bilaterally extend the head; unilaterally flex the head and neck to the ipsilateral side and slightly rotate
- N- dorsal rami
-
erector spinae
- O- post sacram, illiac crest, spines of lumbar vertebrae, lower two thoracic spines
- I- Illiocostalis onto the ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertabrae; longissimus onto the transverse process of the vertebrae and skull; spinalis onto the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the upper part blends with semispinalis
- F- bilateral extend the back when over gravity contralateral muscles pull up ; upper portion extend head and turn head to same side
- N- dorsal rami
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transversospinalis
- O- articular transverse or mamillary process
- I- semispinalis onto the 4 to 6 segments spinous processes of throcic and cervical vert. and skull; multifidus 2 to 4 segments spinous process of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar; rotatores 1 to 2 segments spinous processes
- F- extend back bilaterally; unilateral to rotate trunk to contralateral side
- N- dorsal rami
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