-
Cetrizidine
Anti-Histamine (type I hypersensitivity)
-
loratidine
Antihistamine (type I hypersensitivity)
-
Corticosteroids
Used in: Asthma, Nephrotic Syndrome, Prenatal babies, Infection, etc
-
Montelukast and Zafirlukast
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- anti-inflammatory
-
Ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, Aspirin
- NSAIDS
- Inhibit COX, preventing formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid.
- Stomach: lower prostaglandin levels=>no protection from own acid =>ulcer
- Fever: inhibit COX =>inhibit PGE2
-
TNF antagonists
- Infliximab: monoclonal antibody
- Etanercept: human TNF fusion protein
- neutralise inflammatory cytokines that mediate (joint) inflammation
-
Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Agents
- Cyclophosphamide
- Methotrexate
- (inhibit transplant rejection)
-
Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Cyclosporine
- Tacrolimus
- (prevent transplant rejection-prevent NFAT->IL2->T cell response)
-
Rapamycin
T cell selective immunosuppression. can combine with tacrolimus
-
Cytokines
- IFNa: leukaemia, kaposi sarcoma, chronic hep B and C
- IFNb: MS
- IL2: mets, immunocompromised, renal cancer
-
IgG
- IV
- Ab deficiencies, immunomodulatory
-
Monoclonal Ab
- Herceptin: use in HER2+ breast cancer.
- binds to HER receptors and stops cell in cycle
- Rituximab: against CD20 (B cells). leukaemia
- Infliximab: against TNFa (Lymphocytes) RA
-
Beta Lactams
- penicillin
- flucloxacillin
- amoxicillin
-
cephalosporins
- cefalexin
- cefuroxime
- ceftriaxome
-
macrolides
- erythromycin
- clanthromycin
-
metrondiazole
- anaerobes
- entamoeba histolytic
- giardina lamblia
-
tetracycline
- chronic bronchitis
- chlamydia
- mycoplasma
-
rifampicin
- mycobacteria
- meningitis prophylaxis
-
trimethoprim
- pneumocystis jirovecii
- toxoplasmosis
- UTI
-
amantadine
influenza A-resistance develops quickly
-
nucleoside analogue
- aciclovir (hsv, vzv, proph against herpes in HIV)
- gangiclovir (HSV, CMV) bone marrow tox!
- lamivudine (hep B)
- ribavarin (RSV, Flu A and B, Paraflu. with PegIFN in hep C
-
HAART
- NRTI: zidovuzine (HIV, laminidine
- Protease i.: ritonavir
- NNRTI: nevirapine
-
Neuraminidase I.
- zanamivir
- osteltamivir
- flu
-
interferons gamma
chronic hep, HPV warts
-
Azoles
- fluconazole
- clotrimazole
- miconazole
- itroconazole(candida, crypto., histoplasma,) p450i.
-
triazoles
voriconazole (aspergillus)
-
-
Polyene
- nystatin (ic fungal infections, not dermatophytes)
- amphotericin B: candida, dermatophytes
-
Anti Malarial
quinene, chloroquine, mefloquine, malarone (against schizont stage)
-
anti helminths
- albendazole (gut)
- wemectin (tissue)
-
loop diuretics
- furosemide, bumetanide
- inhibit NaK2Cl in thick ascending LoH
- used in: heart failure, acute pulmonary oedema, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure
-
thiazides
- bendroflumethiazide, metolazone
- NaCl symport in early DCT (decreases Ca excr.)
- hypertensions, cardiac failure
-
K+ sparing
- Amiloride, Traimterene
- Late DCT/CD inhibits ENaC
- combine with thiazide/loop to maintain K+ balance
-
Aldosterone Antagonists
- Sprionolactone
- i. ENaC, ROMK, NaKATP late DCT, CD
- Conn's, ascites and odema, cirrhosis, with loops in heart failure, with loop/thiazide to maintain K balance
-
Carbonic Anhydrase i.
- Acetazolamide
- i. CA in PCT
- Glaucoma
- !=>met acidosis
-
Osmotic
- Mannitol
- osmotic molecules in nephron.
- treats cerebral oedema
-
H Pylori Eradication
- Erythromycin and Metrondiazole (AB)
- + Omeprazole (PPI)
-
H2 antagonists
- Cimetidine (i/ p450)
- ranitidine
- nizatidine
- suppress acid secretion
-
PPI
- omeprazole
- iansoprazole
- i. proton pumps. (1-2 hrs)
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