Economics Chapter 8

the highest amount of output an economy can produce from existing production processes and resources.

output per unit of input.

supply creats its own demand

the number of years it takes ofr a certain amount to double in value is equal to 72 divided by its annual rate of increase.

the concentration of individuals on certain aspects of production

the splitting up of a task to allow for specialization of production.

Producing more goods and services per person.

the skills that are embodied in workers through experience, education and on the job training, or more simply, peoples knowledge.

the habitual way of doing things that guides people in how they approach production.

an abstraction that shows the relationship between the quantity of inputs used in production and the quantity of output resulting from production.

the output will rise by the same proportionate increase as all inputs.

output rises by a greater proportionate increase than all inputs.

output rises by a smaller proportionate increase than all inputs.

increasing one input, keeping all others constant, will lead to smaller and smaller gains in output.

is a model of growth that focuses on the rols of capital accumulation in the growth process.

the hypothesis that per capita income in countries with similar institutional structures will gravitate toward the same level of income per person.

the geographic concentration of technological advances caused by the tendency of innovations to lead to further innovations in that industry and other industries.

the theory that emphasizes the role of technology rather than capital in the growth process.

positive effects on others not taken into account by the decision maker.

legal protection of a technological innovation that gives the owner of the patent sole rights to its use and distribution for a limited time.

improve the methods of production through experience.