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Define pychology
tthe study of behaavior and mental proces
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pseudoscience
a science based on guesses, hypotheseis
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psychology
science based on research
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what is psyhology based on
empirical evidence
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Graphology is an example of what
pseudoscience
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wilhelm wundts is best known for this
develpoed first psychology lab
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what is empirical evidence
careful observation experimentation and ..
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Wundt's method of asking individuals to observe and analyze images and emotions is known as
introspection
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Define the functionali4st approach to psychology
there is a purpose for every behavior
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who developed the theoty of psychoanalysis
Sigmund freud
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What form of psychology studies how physiccal events interact with environmental events to influence behavior
biological
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treatment for quitting smoking from a bilogical prospective would involve
medication
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the psychological approach that studoes how geneticqlly influenced behavior of the [ast may influence behavior of the present is known as
evolutionary
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if a psychologist emphasizes rewards and punishments, what approach di they believe in in
behavoral
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what psychological approach emphasizes menatal processes like memory, language, and problem solving
cognative
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psychologists with this background will emphasizes observable behavior
cognative
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what perspective seeks to make sense of physical and menatal states
cognative
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what [erspective emphasizes how others in our life influences how we percieve the world
sociocultural
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what is a trait
habitual way of thinking and feeling
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what is personality
stable pattern of behavior, thoughts and emotions
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which theory of personality dominated the 20th century
psychoanalitic
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what does psychoananlysi emphasize
unconscious conflicts and motives
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in psychoamalisis, what fuels sexualtiy and life instincts
libito
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qhR rw the order and the roles of freud's theory of personality
- id-basic human indstincts
- ego-balance between id and superego
- superego-conscious, culture within us
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according to Freud, what is repression
forgetting a traumatic event
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what are the defence mechanisms and what do they do
strategy that denies of distorts reality to protect one from conflict and personality
repression, regression, denial, displacement, reaction formation, projection
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what are Freuds psycosexual stages-inorder
oral, anal, philac, latency, genetal
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what do developmental psychologists study
`developmehnt of human human lifespan
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Define socialization
how children learn attitudes ans behavior accepted and expected by society
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what are the three stages of prenatal development in order
germanal, embryotic, fetal
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cigarettes smoking during ppregnancy can cause
misscarriage, low birth weight
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measles during pregnancy causes
defects in eyes,m ears, heart
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exposure to lead during pegnancy causes
low IQ and ADHD
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what syndrome has a child born with small brain, facial deformalities, and mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
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what reflex causes a baby's toes to splay out then curl in when touched on the bottom f their foot
babinski reflex
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when a baby turns their head when touched on one cheek this is what reflex
rooting reflex
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parents in north america believe it is important for their babies to sleep
alone throughout the night as soon as possible
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the Harlow's demonstrated the importance of this in theit rhesus monkey studies
contact comfort
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If a child is seurely attached th their caregiver, they will feel this way about new situations
secure
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between what ages ae babies most fearful of sytrangers
6 to 8 months
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Ainsworth's experiment Strange Situations tested what
attachment beween mother and child
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how does day care impact a child
does not impact attachment
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when does the acquisition of language begin in young children
cooing and crying
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does baby talk by parents help children learn language
yes
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when children omit innecessary words, that is called
telegraphic speech
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what did Noam Chomsky discover aboout the sentence structure of children
the way it is spoken
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What dis Jean Piaget call the absorption of new information into existing mental categories
assimilation
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what does the term homo sapiens mean
rational man
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cognative psychologists have said the human mins is like what modern technological device
computer
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what is the mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, and qualities
concepts
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a representative example of a concept is a
prototype
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researchers are finding that what greatly inlfuences concepts
words being used
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what occurs outside conscious awareness but is accessibe to conciousness when necessary
SUBCONCIOUS PROCESS
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If you acquire knowledge of something without being awae of it it is known as
implicient learning
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what is mindlessness
not thinking before acting
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when you draw conclusions from facts and observations, you are
reasoning
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what problem solving srategy guarantes a solution
algorithm
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rules of thumb that suggest a course of action without guaranteeing a perfect solution are known as
heuristics
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what proess weighs facts and ideas and compares them to reach a solutin
dialectual reasoning
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what is the fists stage of reflective judgement
prereflective
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what is a quasi-reflective judgements
believer that all opinions are equal
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at what age are most people capable of reflective judgements
mid to late 20
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the endency to see a meaningful pattern when none exist iscalled
mental set( out in cold= get sick)
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the tendancy to look for infomation to support your belief is known as
conformation bias
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the state of tension that exists when a persons belief is inconsistent with his behavior or belief
cognative dissonance
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the tension felt when you know you have made a bad decision is known as
post decision dissonance
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what is a mental age
intellectual deelopment compared to other kids
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is it normal to worry that you are normal
yes
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what does it mean to be insane
the mental definition
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what four things are considered om order for a mental disorder to be diagnosed
causes suffering, is self destructive,impairs ability to work, causes danger
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What is the DSM-IV
contains 400 diagnosis desribes categories
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the tendency to overestimate your abilityto have predicted an event is known as
hindsight bias
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what sidorder is most often diagnosed in childhood or adolesence
ADHD
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If you gamble, set fres, and have violent rages, what disorder do you have
impulsive disorder
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phobias are classified as what type of disorderr
anxiety
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stealing and cheating with no remorse is linked to
personality disorder
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is the fastest growing disorder in the USA
ADHD
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What are the projective test based upon
psychodynamic assumptions
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when something measures what it is suppose to it is known as
valid
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What is a popular projective test
Rorschach Inkblot
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A common personality test is organized into ten categories or scales
MMPI
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What is the cheif problem of GAD
constant uncontrolled anxiety
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if you have a traumatic event replayed over and over, you may be suffering from
PTSD
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